仪式治疗困境与多元医疗体系的建构——以凉山彝族“斯色那”治疗实践为例

The Dilemma of Ritual Healing and the Construction of a Pluralistic Medical System:A Case Study of the Treatment Practice of"Sisena"of Yi in Liangshan

仪式治疗是传统彝族社会面对疾病时的主要医疗选择,这不仅是一种地方文化、信仰的实践方式,还涉及当地社会经济文化的发展、医疗资源的分配、现代医学知识的普及等复杂问题。“巫医”结合是彝族“斯色那”治疗实践的主要方式,但目前面临着仪式简化、本土植物药知识失传、毕摩文化无人可传等困境。随着国家力量的介入,特别是“精准扶贫”“乡村振兴”等各类政策在彝区落地,现代医疗资源和医学知识不断向彝族乡村输送,当地人在面对身体危机时逐渐从注重仪式转变为“求医”为先,构建出以现代医学为中心以及中医、彝医、仪式治疗为辅助的多元医疗体系。

Ritual healing is the main medical choice of traditional Yi society in the face of diseases.It is not only a practical way of local culture and belief,but also involves complex problems such as the development of local social economy and culture,the distribution of medical resources,the popularization of modern medical knowledge and so on.The combination of"Witch and doctor"is the main way of the treatment practice of"Sisena"of Yi people,but at present,it is facing difficulties such as the simplification of ceremony,the loss of local botanical medicine knowledge,and no one can inherit Bimo culture.With the intervention of national forces,especially the implementation of various policies such as"Precision of poverty alleviation"and"Rural revitalization"in Yi areas,modern medical resources and medical knowledge are continuously transmitted to Yi villages.When facing physical crisis,local people gradually change from paying attention to ceremony to seeking medical treatment first,and build a diversified medical system centered on modern medicine and supplemented by traditional Chinese medicine,Yi medicine and ritual treatment.