江苏省无锡市2018—2020年学生肺结核疫情流行特征

Epidemic trends and characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in students in Wuxi, Jiangsu, 2018-2020

目的 分析无锡市2018—2020年学生肺结核疫情变化及流行特征,为学校结核病防控工作提供科学严谨的参考依据。方法 收集2018—2020年学校结核病疫情处置中学生肺结核患者数据,学生人口数以《无锡市统计年鉴》中的数据为基础,通过描述流行病方法,对2018—2020年不同年份间登记的学生肺结核报告发病率、病原学阳性报告发病率以及时间、空间和人群分布进行统计分析。结果 2020年无锡市学生肺结核报告发病率为10.99/10万(99/901 201),与2018年的10.58/10万(86/813 122)相比上升了3.88%。2020年无锡市学生肺结核病原学阳性报告发病率4.88/10万(44/901 201),与2018年的1.60/10万(13/813 122)相比上升了205.38%。2018年学生肺结核报告发病构成比第三季度较高29.07%(25/86);2019年学生肺结核报告发病构成比第四季度较高29.25%(31/106);2020年学生肺结核报告发病构成比第二季度较高36.37%(36/99)。3年学生肺结核发病数地区分布不均,前3位分别是滨湖区、惠山区和新吴区,分别为32.99%(96/291)、21.65%(63/291)和13.06%(38/291)。15~<20岁年龄组发病构成比最高57.04%(166/291)。男性患者例数是女性患者例数的1.72倍。结论 2018—2020年,无锡市学生肺结核疫情呈先上升后下降波动变化的趋势;病原学阳性报告率呈上升的趋势,要保持对学校结核病防控工作的重视,重点关注中学和职业学校的学生群体,落实学校结核病防控工作规范要求的各项措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemic trends and characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Wuxi City from 2018 to 2020, in order to provide basis for pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control in schools.Methods Data from 2018-2020 of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment in schools were collected. The student population was based on data from the Wuxi Statistical Yearbook, by describing the epidemiology, the student pulmonary tuberculosis report incidence rate, the etiological positive incidence rate, and the population, geographical and time distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis among students registered in different years in 2018-2020 were analyzed.Results The reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Wuxi City was 10.99/100 000(99/901 201) in 2020, it increased by 3.88%compared with 10.58/100 000(86/813 122) in 2018. In 2020, the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis etiological positive reports of students in Wuxi was 4.88/100 000(44/901 201), which increased by 205.38% compared with 1.60/100 000(13/813122) in 2018. Students reported higher incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the third quarter in 2018(29.07%, 25/86), and higher in the fourth quarter in 2019(29.25%, 31/106), and higher in the second quarter in 2020(36.37%, 36/99). The top three regions were Binhu District(32.99%, 96/291), Huishan District(21.65%, 63/291) and Xinwu District(13.06%, 38/291). The incidence rate in the 15-<20 age group was the highest(57.04%, 166/291). The number of cases reported by students was 1.72times in males than in females.Conclusions From 2018 to 2020, the epidemic situation of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Wuxi showed a fluctuating increased first and then decreased. The positive reporting rate of etiology is on the rise;We should pay attention to the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis in schools;Focus on student groups in secondary schools and vocational schools, and implement the measures required by the school TB prevention and control norms.