社区环境因素对居民主观幸福感的影响:以上海市浦东新区为例

Influence of community environmental factors on residents’subjective well-being:A case study of Pudong,Shanghai

[背景]社区是人们日常活动的主要场所,适宜的居住环境会提高居民的主观幸福感。[目的]了解上海市浦东新区居民的主观幸福感现状,探究社区环境因素对居民主观幸福感的影响。[方法]采用配额抽样的方法,选取上海市浦东新区的12个街道或镇的6000位常住居民参与问卷调查。问卷内容包括受访者基本信息、社区环境因素(美观程度、健身环境、服务与治安、自然环境)、主观幸福感三部分。运用多因素logistic回归模型,分析社区环境因素对居民主观幸福感的影响。[结果]共回收问卷5887份,有效回收率为98.1%。研究对象的主观幸福感总分为(7.03±1.61)分。不同性别和婚姻状况的研究对象,主观幸福感得分差异不存在统计学意义;而年龄、文化程度、职业以及自评经济状况不同的研究对象,其主观幸福感得分差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:在控制一般人口学特征后,以低水平(通过截断值33.3%、66.7%,将各社区环境因素分为高、中、低组)为对照组,美观程度高、中水平组主观幸福感的OR值分别为1.393(95%CI:1.173~1.654)和1.235(95%CI:1.080~1.412);健身环境高、中水平组的OR值分别为2.297(95%CI:1.929~2.734)和1.349(95%CI:1.166~1.560);服务与治安高、中水平组的OR值分别为1.101(95%CI:0.943~1.285)和1.039(95%CI:0.905~1.193);自然环境高、中水平组的OR值分别为4.248(95%CI:3.321~5.434)和1.652(95%CI:1.374~1.986)。[结论]社区环境因素会影响居民的主观幸福感,且良好的社区美观程度、健身环境、自然环境对居民的主观幸福感有积极作用。

[Background]The community is the main place for people’s daily activities.A livable environment will improve the subjective well-being of residents.[Objective]To understand the current status of subjective well-being of residents in Pudong,Shanghai,and explore the impact of community environmental factors on residents’subjective well-being.[Methods]Using quota sampling,6000 permanent residents from 12 sub-districts or towns in Pudong,Shanghai were selected to participate in an questionnaire survey.The questionnaire included three parts:participants’basic information,community environmental factors(neighborhood aesthetics,fitness environment,public service and security,natural environment),and subjective well-being.Using a multiple regression model,the influence of community environmental factors on the subjective well-being of residents was analyzed.[Results]A total of 5887 questionnaires were recovered,and the valid recovery rate was 98.1%.The subjective well-being score of the survey respondents was(7.03±1.61)points.There was no statistical difference in the subjective well-being score of study subjects of different gender and marital status groups;while those with different ages,education levels,occupations,and self-evaluated economic status showed statistical differences in their subjective well-being score(P<0.05).The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that after controlling general demographic characteristics,with the low level as the control group(according predetermined cutoff values of 33.3%and 66.7%,the community environmental factors were divided into high-,medium-,and low-level groups),the OR values of subjective well-being of the high-and medium-level neighborhood aesthetics groups were 1.393(95%CI:1.173-1.654)and1.235(95%CI:1.080-1.412);the OR values of the high-and medium-level fitness environment groups were 2.297(95%CI:1.929-2.734)and 1.349(95%CI:1.166-1.560);the OR values of the high-and medium-level public service and security groups were 1.101(95%CI:0.943-1.285)and 1.039(95%CI:0.905-1.193);the OR values of the high-and medium-level natural environment groups were 4.248(95%CI:3.321-5.434)and 1.652(95%CI:1.374-1.986),respectively.[Conclusion]Community environment factors could affect residents’subjective well-being,and good neighborhood aesthetics,fitness environment,natural environment have positive effects.