生物炭及其溶解性有机质对有机污染物环境行为的影响

Effects of biochar and its dissolved organic matter on environmental behavior of organic pollutants

综述了生物炭的环境效益以及其溶解性有机质(Dissolved Organic Matter,DOM)的测定方法和对环境影响。生物炭施于土壤,一方面对有机污染物有一定的吸附能力,另一方面其可通过改变土壤理化性质间接改变有机污染物的环境行为。DOM可通过渗透或表面径流等方式发生迁移,对环境产生重大影响。其测定可通过紫外-可见光谱进行浓度测定,三维荧光光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱等技术能从分子层面对其结构进行表征。生物炭释放的DOM一方面可通过改变重金属的溶解度等因素,改变重金属的迁移行为;另一方面可通过形成胶束结构对有机污染物进行吸附作用,还有研究表明,其可影响有机污染物的降解。通过以上结果可以看出,DOM对不同的有机物产生的影响有一定的差异,很难作出统一概述,应开展较多实验进行调查。

The environment benefits of biochar and the methods and effects of its dissolved organic matter(DOM)on the environment were reviewed.Biochar is applied to the soil.On the one hand,biochar has a certain adsorption capacity for organic pollutants;on the other hand,it can indirectly change the environmental behavior of organic pollutants by changing the physical and chemical properties of soil.DOM can be migrated by means of infiltration or surface runoff,which has a significant impact on the environment.Its concentration can be determined by UV-vis,and its structure can be characterized by 3DEEM,FTIR and other technologies at the molecular level.On the one hand,DOM released by biochar can change the migration behavior of heavy metals by changing the solubility of heavy metals;on the other hand,it can form micellar structure to adsorb organic pollutants and other studies have shown that DOM can affect the degradation of organic pollutants.As can be seen from the above results,the effects of DOM on different organics are different,so it is difficult to make a unified overview,and more experiments should be carried out to investigate.