基于气候变暖和封山禁牧的关山草原生态系统变化研究

Research Progress of Grassland Ecosystem Changes in Guanshan Grassland Based on Climate Warming and Grazing Prohibition Factors

关山草原是我国西北内陆的一个重要的生态功能区,是独特的高山草甸,也是气候变化和人类活动响应最为敏感的地区之一。从气候变化和放牧因素两方面,综述了影响关山草原生态系统的因素:气候变暖会导致草地生产力水平的降低和草地土壤有机碳总量下降,封山禁牧因素通过管理者划定禁牧保护区、禁牧修复区和轮牧区,控制放牧强度,能够促进草地生产力提高。为系统研究气候及封山禁牧对草地生物量及土壤有机物的交互作用,保护关山草地生态系统,提高草地畜牧业的生产效率提供参考。

The Guanshan grassland is one of the most important ecological functional areas in the northwest of China,with an average altitude of more than 2,200 meters.It is located the southwest of Long County,Shaanxi-Gansu Province,with a forest grassland of about 100,000 hm 2.It is also a unique alpine meadow and one of the most sensitive areas to climate change and human activity.This paper reviews the factors that affect the grassland ecosystem from two aspects:climate change and grazing.Climate warming will reduce the level of grassland productivity and the total amount of grassland soil organic carbon.The factors of mountain closure and grazing prohibition can promote the improvement of grassland productivity by defining grazing prohibition protection areas,grazing prohibition restoration areas and rotational grazing areas,and controlling grazing intensity.In order to systematically study the interaction between climate and prohibiting grazing disturbance on the alpine grassland biomass and soil organic matter in the Guanshan grassland,the grassland ecosystem on the Guanshan grassland is protected and improved,which lays a theoretical foundation for the production efficiency of grazing animal husbandry on the Guanshan grassland.