西双版纳傣族慢轮制陶技艺文化基因研究

Study on the Cultural Gene of Ethnic Dai Slow Wheel Pottery Making Skills in Xishuangbanna

文化基因既是形塑民族手工艺艺术风格与文化表征的核心要素,也在活态传承中不断传递,对维持文化遗产稳定性具有重要意义。西双版纳傣族慢轮制陶技艺以慢轮盘条与平地堆烧为特色,充分体现了傣族人民在漫长制陶史中形成的古老技术与独特审美。它底蕴深厚,但存续堪忧,因其文化基因正发生变异与消亡。近年来,现代化生产方式对技艺本体及其存续环境形成剧烈冲击,导致工艺品的表现技术、内容和形式逐渐与传统背道而驰。为保护傣陶手工艺文化基因,亟待对其进行提取、整理并归类。本文以傣陶手工艺为例,将其文化基因分为主导基因(色彩、造型、材料、纹样、技艺)与亚主导基因(工具、工制),并由此入手在理论上构建起傣族制陶技艺与审美的文化基因体系。研究傣陶文化基因的价值不仅在于通过还原传统的慢轮制作技艺,探讨傣族人民的审美意趣,亦可为推动文化遗产保护体系标准化以及处理好传承与创新的关系提供可行性方案。

Cultural gene is not only the core element of the artistic style and cultural representation of ethnic handicraft, but also continuously transmitted in the living inheritance process, which is of great significance to maintain the stability of cultural heritage. The Dai slow wheel pottery making technique in Xishuangbanna is characterized by slow wheel coil and pile burning on the ground, which fully reflects the ancient technology and unique aesthetics formed by the Dai ethnic people in the long history of pottery making. Though this cultural skill is profound, is facing challenges of demise, because its cultural genes are mutating and dying out.In recent years, modern production mode has made severe impact on the craft itself and its survival environment, resulting in the techniques, content and form of handicrafts gradually developing against the tradition.In order to protect the cultural gene of Dai pottery handicraft, it is imperative to extract, sort out and make classification on the technique.This article takes Dai pottery handicraft as an example, divides its cultural genes into dominant genes(color, shape, material, pattern, skill) and sub-dominant genes(tools, tool making), thus to construct the cultural gene system of Dai pottery craft and aesthetic appreciation from a theoretical perspective. The value of studying the gene of Dai pottery culture not only lies in exploring the aesthetic interest of the Dai people by restoring the traditional slow wheel making skills, but also provides a feasible plan for promoting the standardization of cultural heritage protection system and dealing with the relationship between inheritance and innovation.