学科评估的价值冲突、哲学范式与实践形式

The Value Conflicts, Philosophical Paradigms and Practical Forms of Discipline Evaluation

学科建设价值的多元使得学科评估必然包含着多元的价值冲突。对学科评估不同价值的强调形成了理性主义、建构主义和批判主义三种学科评估哲学范式。在三种学科评估哲学范式所凸显的不同的本体论、认识论和方法论的框架规制下,又形成了绩效评估、声誉评估、满意度评估和社会影响力评估等四种学科评估的实践形式。在“一流学科”建设开启的历史新阶段,我国学科评估要从哲学范式角度对评估实践进行更深层次的探析,关注学科评估中多元的价值冲突,在理解不同学科评估实践优缺点的基础上,跳出现有学科评估实践的藩篱,创造性地提出学科评估的新理念和新方法,构建更加完善的学科评估实践,推动“一流学科”建设目标的真正实现。

Due to diversified values existing in discipline construction, discipline evaluation inevitably contains multiple value conflicts. The emphasis on different values of discipline evaluation forms three paradigms of discipline evaluation: rationalism, constructivism and criticism. Under different frameworks of ontology, epistemology and methodology highlighted by the three philosophical paradigms of discipline evaluation, four practical forms of discipline evaluation, namely, performance evaluation, reputation evaluation, satisfaction evaluation and social influence evaluation, have emerged. As the effort to build the world-class disciplines has embarked on a new stage, the practice of discipline evaluation in China should be thoroughly examined from the perspective of philosophical paradigms, and more emphases should be placed on multiple value conflicts. On the basis of understanding the strengths and weaknesses of different practical forms, the discipline evaluation in China should jump over the barriers of the existing practice, come up with new ideas and methods, construct better optimized practice and facilitate the real realization of the goals to build the world-class disciplines.