美国政治极化的经济逻辑及其影响

The Economic Logic of Political Polarization in the United States and Its Implications

马克思主义理论是本文分析美国政治极化及其背后经济逻辑的出发点。在百年未有之大变局的背景下,运用马克思主义理论分析美国这一全球化的构建者与推动者的国内政治,符合研判全球政治与经济格局变动和中美关系的现实需要。美国政治极化的持续要求我国在处理全球问题以及中美关系时做好充分的准备。当代美国政治极化愈演愈烈,背后的经济逻辑也就是资本主义生产方式下的经济运动规律:资本权利与政治权力的对立和统一造成美国国内阶层的分割与固化,贫富分化加速了经济的不平等,最终促进了其政治上的不平等;资本在全球攫取剩余价值伴随着国内岗位流失、再分配向资本家倾斜等,进一步加剧了国内的收入分化;经济不平等与政治不平等相互强化为政治极化。其国内社会问题尖锐而紧迫,资本主义基本矛盾不能根除,导致内政冲突加速外溢表现为霸权相对衰落下再塑利己国际规则的“再全球化”,以及通过大国竞争转移输出两党矛盾。了解美国政治极化背后的经济逻辑有助于中国更好地处理与美国的关系。

Marxist Theory is the starting point for this paper to analyze the political polarization of the United States and the economic logic behind it.Against the backdrop of the unprecedented changes of the past century,it is consistent with the need to examine the changes in the global political and economic landscape and the reality of Sino-American relations that using the Marxist Theory to analyze the domestic politics of the United States,which is the builder and promoter of the globalization.The continuing political polarization in the United States requires our country to be well prepared in dealing with global issues as well as Sino-U.S.relations.The economic logic behind the increasing political polarization in the U.S.is also the rule of economic movement under the capitalist mode of production:the dichotomy and unification of capital rights and political power has resulted in the segmentation and solidification of classes within the United States,and the division between rich and poor has accelerated economic inequality and ultimately promoted its political inequality;the global capture of surplus value by capital is accompanied by the loss of domestic jobs and redistribution in favor of capitalists,further exacerbating income divergence within the country.Economic inequality and political inequality reinforce each other and resulted in political polarization.Within the United States,social issues are acute and urgent,and the fundamental contradictions of capitalism cannot be eradicated,leading to accelerated spillover of internal conflicts,manifested in the relative decline of hegemony in the world,and reshape self-interest international rules through“re-globalization”,as well as transferring and exporting contradictions between the two parties through competition among big countries.Understanding the economic logic behind American political polarization will help China better handle its relations with the United States.