论大规模国际测试引发的教育参考与借鉴——基于英国、澳大利亚对PISA 2018的媒体报道分析

On The Educational Reference Initiated by Large-Scale International Testing——Based on Media Reports on PISA 2018 in the UK and Australia

随着教育全球化的推进,国际组织开展了多项大规模教育测评项目,逐步建立起基于国际比较的教育治理新模式。经合组织开展的国际学生评估项目通过学生表现排名、最佳案例等“软治理”技术,鼓励国家和地区之间的教育政策参考和借鉴,在塑造全球教育政策话语中发挥重要作用。以澳大利亚和英国对PISA 2018的媒体报道为研究对象,通过对文本主题内容、参考社会和PISA政策路径的分析,探索两国媒体对于PISA的价值认知及其结果解读,进而探究PISA影响两国教育议程的具体作用机制。两国媒体对于PISA的报道更多聚焦于“中观教育政策改进”主题;参考社会的选择与PISA的排名密切相关;政策批驳和政策投射是PISA引发两国媒体政策辩论的主要路径。基于对媒体报道的分析,研究认为当前的PISA政策功能体现出了跨国“政策趋同”和本土“政策合法化”两种取向,以“政策借鉴”为取向的政策功能发挥不充分。PISA应当倡导基于价值观融合的政策趋同,导向真实而有效的教育政策借鉴,其核心是本土意义的解释和重构,媒体报道可以在其中发挥正向引导作用。

With the advancement of educational globalization,international organizations have carried out a number of large-scale educational evaluation projects,and gradually established a new model of educational governance based on international comparison.The International Student Assessment Program(PISA)carried out by OECD encourages reference of education policies among countries and regions through soft governance technologies such as student performance ranking and best cases,and plays an important role in shaping the discourse of global education policies.Taking the media reports in Australia and in the United Kingdom on PISA 2018 as the research object,this paper explores the value cognition and result interpretation of PISA by the medias,and then explores the specific mechanism of PISA affecting the educational policy agenda of the two countries.Media reports on PISA in the two countries focus more on the theme of"Education Policy Improvement".The choice of reference society is closely related to the ranking of PISA.And policy criticism and policy projection are the main ways for PISA to trigger the media policy debate between the two countries.Based on the analysis of media reports,the study claims that the current PISA policy function demonstrates two orientations:transnational"policy convergence"and local"policy legitimation".And the previous orientation is not fully practised.PISA should advocate policy convergence based on the integration of values and guide real and effective education policy reference.The core of PISA policy foundation is the interpretation and reconstruction of local meaning.