澳大利亚基础教育改革发展新动向:举措、特点和问题

New Trends in Australian Basic Education Reform and Development:Initiatives,Features and Controversies

围绕“通过学习创造机会”的教育愿景,澳大利亚近几年来不断调整基础教育政策,旨在进一步推动基础教育体系的可持续发展。通过对澳大利亚近几年的教育年度报告的分析,发现澳大利亚基础教育改革围绕教育公平、质量提升和可持续发展三个方面开展了一系列改革举措。在教育公平方面,强调缩小土著与非土著学生的教育水平差距,并为弱势学生群体提供额外的支持;在教育质量提升方面,从学校教育的教学质量、家长参与、学校自主权和课程四大质量领域展开了改革,还构建了国内和国际多层次多样化的基础教育监测体系;在促进教育的可持续发展方面,澳大利亚进一步加大对学校的资金支持力度,为学校发展提供额外的资金,并按照统一的分配标准建立了以需求为导向的资助体系。澳大利亚近几年在基础教育阶段的改革举措体现出了其兼顾公平与质量的决心,强调通过立法的方式保障教育改革的合理化和规范化,也能够看出多个主体积极协调合作的特征。然而,尽管澳大利亚近几年基础教育改革取得了一定的成效,但其基础教育改革在政府与市场的权力划分、教育的育人和经济功能的指向以及在追求教育公平的过程中仍然出现了很多问题与争议。

Focusing on the educational vision of"opportunities through learning",Australia has continuously adjusted its basic education policies in recent years,aiming to further promote the sustainable development of the basic education system.Through the analysis of Australia’s education annual reports in recent years,it is found that Australia’s basic education reform has launched a series of reform measures in three aspects:education equity,quality improvement and sustainable development.In terms of education equity,emphasis is placed on narrowing the gap between the educational levels of indigenous and non-indigenous students,and providing additional support for disadvantaged student groups;in terms of education quality improvement,reform has been carried out in four major areas of school education:teaching quality,parent participation,school autonomy and curriculum reform,and a domestic and international multi-level and diversified basic education monitoring system has been established;in promoting the sustainable development of education,Australia has further increased financial support for schools and provided additional funds for school development,and has established a demand-oriented funding system in accordance with uniform distribution standards.Australia’s reform measures in basic education reflect its determination to take into account equity and quality.It places great emphasis on ensuring the rationalization and standardization of education reform through legislation.It can also be seen that multiple entities actively coordinate and cooperate.Although Australia’s basic education reform has made great achievement in recent years,there still are many problems and controversies in its basic education reform in terms of the division of power between the government and the market,the orientation of education and economic functions,and the pursuit of educational equity.