促进个性化学习:美国“未来准备学校”的经验与启示

Preparing for the Future:Experiences and Implications from the Future Ready Schools in the United States

学校教育始终是为未来作准备的。为了帮助所有学生更好地为未来作准备,重新设计学校以应对未来挑战成为各国基础教育改革的重要举措。美国未来准备学校项目受美国政府的高度重视和社会各界的大力支持,目前已形成一套行之有效的实施方案,并让3400多个学区的2000多万名学生受益。该项目以促进学生个性化学习为核心目标,从“内容-过程”维度提出了区域和学校个性化学习变革的路径,并强调发挥数字化协作领导力,为个性化学习变革持续赋能。内容框架包括课程教学与评估、个性化专业发展、预算与资源、社区伙伴关系、数据与隐私、稳健的基础设施、利用空间与时间七个内在关联但自成一体的“齿轮”;规划过程则借助一套交互式仪表盘,帮助领导团队针对7个齿轮进行自我评估,经历“确定愿景-衡量现状-收集意见-创建行动-分配任务”五个循环迭代的步骤。基于美国未来准备项目,立足我国国情,我国未来学校应构建个性化学习变革的立体体系,开展基于最佳证据的科学决策,以“新基建”助推个性化学习变革支撑体系建设,基于结构要素重新设计学习空间,以“单元-时间线”重新审视学习方式,通过数据驱动的校本研修促进教师专业发展,以期实现个性化学习变革。

The school is always preparing for the future.In order to help all students make better preparation for the future,redesigning schools to meet future challenges has become an important measure of basic education reform in various countries.Future Ready School is highly valued by the US government and strongly supported by the public.This project has now formed a set of effective implementation plans and benefited more than 20 million students in more than 3400 school districts.Based on the"content-process"framework,it proposed a path of personalized learning in regions and schools,and emphasized digital collaborative leadership.The content framework includes seven gears,which is"curriculum,instruction,and assessment""personalized professional learning""budget and resources""community partnership""data and privacy""robust infrastructure"and"the use of space and time".The planning process,with the help of interactive dashboards,helps the leadership team conduct self-assessment on the seven gears.It includes five iterative steps,namely,determining the vision,measuring the current situation,collecting opinions,creating actions and assigning tasks.Based on China’s situation,future school in our country should build a three-dimensional system of personalized learning reform,carry out decision-making based on the best evidence,promote the construction of school support system with"new infrastructure",redesign learning space based on structural elements,design learning mode with"unit-timeline",and promote teachers’professional development through structured collaboration.