洞庭湖区土地利用强度演变及其对生态系统服务的影响

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Land Use Intensity and Its Impact on Ecosystem Services in Dongting Lake Zone

研究土地利用强度对生态系统服务的影响,对科学调控土地利用格局及推进生态文明建设具有重要意义。文章选取洞庭湖区的部分区域作为研究区,基于2000、2010和2018年的遥感影像,在空间网格分析的基础上综合运用InVEST、CASA模型和双变量空间自相关方法,分析了2000-2018年研究区土地利用强度(LUI)时空演变与食物生产(FP)、生境质量(HQ)和植被净初级生产力(NPP)三项服务的空间关系。结果表明:①2000-2018年,研究区LUI呈现明显的空间分异特征,经历了“先减小一后增大”的变化过程,且增大幅度较显著。②2000-2018年,研究区三项生态系统服务的时空变化各具特点。研究期间,单位格网FP服务呈现出增长趋势,但空间分布格局变化较小;HQ在空间分布上呈现出明显的空间分异,以洞庭湖及沿岸河流、东部与南部山地丘陵区为高值集中分布区,而在地形平坦、人口经济活动较密集的城镇地区其生境质量较低,HQ下降的格网数占比约96.79%,区域经济发展的同时,区域HQ呈现恶化趋势;NPP的时空变化幅度较大,2000-2018年,约74.86%的格网上NPP服务增长为正,约17.43%的格网增长为负,空间上主要表现为NPP服务高值、较高值面积的持续减少,中等值及较低值面积的增加。③研究期间,LUI与FP、HQ、NPP三项生态系统服务之间存在显著的空间自相关,但空间集聚呈现一定动态变化。

It is of great significance to study the impact of land use intensity on ecosystem services for the scientific regulation of land use pattern and the promotion of ecological civilization construction. Based on the grid analysis and the remote sensing images of 2000, 2010 and 2018, this paper comprehensively uses InVEST, CASA model and bivariate spatial auto-correlation method to analyze the relationship between spatio-temporal evolution of Land Use Intensity(LUI)and three services of Food Production(FP), Habitat Quality(HQ) and Net Primary Productivity(NPP) in the part of Dongting Lake zone. The results show that: 1) From 2000 to 2018, the LUI in study area presented obvious spatial differentiation characteristics,which had experienced the change process of "first decreasing and then increasing",and the increasing range was more significant. 2) From 2000 to 2018, the spatial and temporal changes of the three ecosystem services had their own characteristics. During the study period, FP service showed an increasing trend, but its spatial distribution pattern changed little. The HQ service showed obvious spatial differentiation,its high-value mainly distributed in Dongting Lake and its coastal rivers,the eastern and southern hilly areas,while its lower-value distributed in the urban areas with flat terrain and dense population and economic activities,the number of grids with declining HQ accounted for about 96.79%. With the development of regional economy,the regional HQ showed a deteriorating trend,the temporal and spatial variation range of NPP service was large. From 2000 to 2018, about 74.86% of grid of NPP service increased positively and about 17.43% of grid NPP service increased negatively. Overall,it showed decreasing trend in the area of higher-value and high-value NPP service and the increasing trend in the area of medium-value and low-value. 3) There was a significant spatial autocorrelation between LUI and FP,HQ and NPP but the spatial agglomeration showed a certain dynamic change.