唯科学主义语言学的方法论

The Methodology of Scientistic Linguistics

本文从四个维度对唯科学主义语言学的方法论进行反思。从本体论上看,唯科学主义语言学基于可分性假设,主张个体主义本体论和单层现实观,强调语言的客观实在性,但却忽视了言语主体对语言的建构作用。从逻辑上看,唯科学主义语言学沿袭经典逻辑,但该逻辑仅适用于言语层面的具体实体,不适用于语言层面的抽象实体。从认识论上看,唯科学主义语言学主张还原论、决定论和局部线性因果论,只能解释言语现象,不能解释语言的整体特征。从价值论上看,唯科学主义语言学难以做到知行合一、理实并重。研究表明,语言学亟需走出牛顿思维下的唯科学主义困境,积极拥抱量子思维,从学科研究范式向超学科研究范式转向。

This paper reflects on the methodology of scientistic linguistics from four dimensions.Ontologically,scientistic linguistics advocates individualistic ontology and a single level of reality based on the separability hypothesis,emphasizing the objective reality of language while ignoring the constructive role of speakers.Logically,scientistic linguistics follows classical logic,which is valid for the discussion of concrete entities at parole but invalid for the explanation of abstract entities at langue.Epistemologically,scientistic linguistics embraces reductionism,determinism and local linear causality,which can account for speech phenomena but not for the global properties at langue.Axiologically,it is difficult for scientistic linguistics to achieve the unity of theory and practice.Taken together,this research shows that linguistics needs to get out of the scientistic dilemma under Newtonian thinking,and should embrace quantum thinking,thus shifting from disciplinary to transdisciplinary research.