2016—2020年重庆市涪陵区疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

Surveillance of adverse event following immunization in Fuling District of Chongqing from 2016 to 2020

目的 分析重庆市涪陵区疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)监测数据,为疫苗安全性监测工作水平的提高提供理论依据。方法 通过中国免疫规划信息管理系统收集2016—2020年重庆市涪陵区的AEFI数据,采用描述性流行病学的方法统计分析数据结果,率的比较采用卡方检验,以α=0.05为检验水准。结果2016—2020年重庆市涪陵区共报告425例AEFI,报告发生率为24.64/10万剂次。报告的AEFI中,男女性别比为1.59∶1;以0~4岁儿童居多(92.00%);报告季节以夏秋季居多;AEFI发生率居前5位的疫苗分别是无细胞百白破-b型流感嗜血杆菌(结合)联合疫苗(136.54/10万剂)、23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗(83.59/10万剂)、无细胞百白破联合疫苗(77.79/10万剂)、无细胞百白破-灭活脊灰和b型流感嗜血杆菌(结合)联合疫苗(66.01/10万剂)、含麻类疫苗(55.35/10万剂)。结论 重庆市涪陵区AEFI监测水平及质量逐年提高,但仍有较多不足,需要提高AEFI监测工作人员的工作能力和积极性。同时做好AEFI相关宣传和培训工作,提高监测的敏感性和监测质量。

Objective To analyze the surveillance data of adverse event following immunization in Fuling District of Chongqing from 2016 to 2020,to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of vaccine safety monitoring.Methods The data of individual case of AEFI in Fuling District from2016 to 2020 were collected from China Immunizationon Program Information Management System,and the distribution characteristics and reported incidence of AEFI in Fuling District in recent five years were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method,rates were compared by Chi-square test.α=0.05 was the test level.Results A total of 425 cases of AEFI were reported in Fuling District from 2016 to 2020,with a reported incidence of 24.64/10~5doses.In the reported AEFI,the gender ratio was 1.59∶1;Most of the children were aged 0-4 years old,accounting for 92.00% of the total number of reports.The seasonal distribution was mainly in summer and autumn.The top 5 vaccines with the highest incidence of AEFI were DTAP-HIb quadruple vaccine(136.54/10~5doses),pneumococcal 23-valent vaccine(83.59/10~5doses),DTP vaccine(77.79/10~5doses),DTAP-IPV-HIb quintuple vaccine(66.01/10~5doses) and cannabis-containing vaccine(55.35/10~5doses).Conclusions The monitoring level and quality of AEFI in Fuling District have improved year by year,but there are still many deficiencies.It is necessary to improve the ability and enthusiasm of AEFI monitoring staff.Meanwhile,publicity and training related to AEFI are beneficial to improve the sensitivity and quality of monitoring.