反恐抑或自治:叙利亚库尔德人反恐的双重性研究

Counter-Terrorism or Self-Government:Study on the Duality of Syrian Kurds Against Terrorism Under the Framework of Anti-ISIS International Coalition

2013年至2019年是极端组织“伊斯兰国”在叙利亚和伊拉克肆虐的黑暗时期。民主联盟党领导的叙利亚库尔德武装与美军结成反恐联盟,在击败极端组织“伊斯兰国”斗争中发挥了十分重要的作用,是美军依赖的最主要地面战斗力量。叙库尔德人积极参与反恐,一方面是由于自身受到了切实恐怖威胁,另一方面是希望借此争取美国支持,谋求国际合法性,以推动自治进程。然而,库尔德人基于反恐之上的自治存在内生缺陷。美国与库尔德人的反恐联盟具有脆弱且实用主义色彩浓厚等特点,双方属于临时交易性质的战术盟友关系。库尔德人以反恐为工具,而美国同样将库尔德人作为反恐工具,无意支持库尔德人自治或独立。这一工具性决定了库尔德人自治的脆弱性,致使库尔德人面临不确定的未来。叙库尔德问题的解决必须在叙利亚全国对话框架内进行,而借助外部力量强加解决的方案注定会失败。

The period from 2013 to 2019 was a dark period for the extremist group ISIS in Syria and Iraq.The Syrian Kurdish forces led by the PYD formed an anti-terrorism alliance with the US and played a key role in defeating ISIS.They are the main ground fighting force that the US military relies on.The Kurds’ active participation in counterterrorism is driven both by the real terrorist threat they face and by the desire to gain American support and international legitimacy to advance the process of autonomy.This duality has inherent defects and highlights the fragility of Kurdish autonomy.The level of international support for Kurds is positively correlated with the rise and fall of local terrorism and the strength of the threat.The Kurds use it as a tool to fight terrorism,while the US uses the Kurds as a tool to fight terrorism and has no intention of supporting Kurdish autonomy or independence.The two sides form a transactional alliance.This tool determines the vulnerability of Kurdish autonomy,leaving the Kurds to face an uncertain future.