巴以结构性权力关系与水资源治理问题

The Structural Power in Israeli-Palestinian Relations:A Case Study of Water Governance

在冲突与谈判、对抗与合作的长期过程中,以色列和巴勒斯坦逐渐形成了非对称性权力关系,这种权力关系及其运行机制通过《奥斯陆协议》等一系列双边和多边条约得以确立。在安全、生产、金融和知识等互有联系的结构中,不对称的结构性权力塑造了巴以关系的基本框架。在具体问题领域,以色列同样通过对资源的汲取和管理确立了在权力分配中的主导地位。不对称的结构性权力关系也导致了两国在治理能力上的巨大差异。水资源问题是巴以冲突的焦点问题之一,巴以结构性权力关系严重影响了巴勒斯坦的资源汲取和治理能力。以色列的水资源治理政策是其权力护持的重要手段。长期以来,国内规划与开发、军事行动以及强制管理措施使以色列在跨境水资源的控制和利用方面占据了极具优势的地位。以色列在水资源问题领域的权力涉及到巴勒斯坦人的基本生存条件和发展空间问题。巴以在水资源治理中的合作实质上增强了处于权力弱势的巴勒斯坦对以色列政治管理和资源治理的依赖,并进一步削弱了巴勒斯坦独立建国的能力。

In the long process of confrontation and cooperation,Israel and Palestine have gradually formed an asymmetric power relationship.This asymmetric relationship and its operating mechanism have been established through a series of bilateral and multilateral treaties such as the Oslo Accords.In the interrelated structures of security,production,finance and knowledge,asymmetric structural powers shape the basic framework of IsraeliPalestinian relations.The cooperation mechanisms increased the Palestinian dependence on Israel which reinforced the structural power in their bilateral relations.The structural power relations also led to a prominent gap in governance capacity between the two countries.In specific problem areas,Israel has also established its dominant position through allocation of resources.Water resource governance is one of the focal issues in the Israeli Palestinian conflict.Israel’s highly advantageous position enables it to control the utilization of regional water by means of domestic planning,technological development,military and coercive management measures,and water diplomacy.Israel’s power in the area of water resources management relates closely to the basic living conditions of Palestinians and their prospect for development.In essence,the cooperation between the two sides on water resources strengthened the Palestinian dependence on Israel’s political administration and resource management,and consequently further weakened the ability for Palestine to establish an independent state.