1949—1952年湖南粮食大调运

Large-scale Distribution and Transportation of Grain in Hunan from 1949 to 1952

新中国成立之初,按照中共中央部署,湖南进行了数额庞大的粮食大调运,自上而下建立了粮食调运体系,包括统一调度的政策、行政体制与运输体制。通过以工代赈等形式的民众动员,湖南粮食调运渐次展开。湖南粮食大调运产生的政策效果包括稳定物价、保证供给、支持解放战争与抗美援朝、救济灾荒和出口创汇等;从更深层看,粮食大调运在构建党和政府与农民的新型关系、建立新的经济秩序、保障国家粮食安全等方面均具有重要的历史意义。

After the founding of New China, according to the deployment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Hunan carried out a huge amount of grain transportation, and established a top-down grain transportation system, including unified scheduling policy, administrative system and transportation system. Through public mobilization in the form of food-for-work and others, grain distribution and transportation in Hunan had been gradually launched. The policy outcomes include stabilizing prices, ensuring supply, supporting the war of liberation, resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, relieving famines, and earning foreign exchange through export. From a deeper point of view, the large-scale grain transportation has important historical significance in building a new relationship between the Party and the state and farmers, establishing a new economic order, and ensuring national food security.