汉语体标记“起来”生成句法研究

A Generative Analysis of the Chinese Aspect Marker Qilai(起来)

本文在生成语法框架下研究汉语体标记“起来”。作者依据文献中对体这一语法范畴的相关研究,采用制图分析法将其细分为情状体、阶段体、视点体和透视体四个结构层次,并以此为基础对不同类型“起来”结构的句法生成以及“起来”与其它体标记的共现限制进行分析。研究发现,“起来”并非简单的语法标记,而是由基础生成于不同层面的两个体中心词构成的复合形式:“起”是阶段体中心语,“来”则属于视角体中心词。基础式“起来”和分裂式“起来”结构具有相同的生成过程,都涉及中心词下降和语音附着两种PF移位。“起来”与其它体标记的共现限制也可以通过本文提出的体系统进行合理解释。

This study is meant to provide a generative syntactic account of the Chinese aspect marker qilai.As a starting point, a cartographic investigation of the aspectual system is carried out based on previous studies.It is proposed that the notion of aspect can be classified into four levels, i.e., situational aspect, phasal aspect, viewpoint aspect and perspectival aspect, each realized at its specific levels of syntactic derivation and fulfilling different grammatical functions.Based on this view of the aspectual domain, the authors present their view regarding the syntactic status of qilai and the derivational processes of constructions containing it.It is argued that qilai is not a simple aspect marker.Rather, it is composed of two aspectual markers, with qi and lai functioning as phasal and viewpoint aspect heads respectively.Cases where an object nominal occurs between qi and lai are derived in the same way as those where qi and lai are adjacent to each other, both involving head-lowering and clticizing.It is also demonstrated that the co-occurrence constraints between qilai and other aspect markers can also be accounted for with the proposed analysis.