公共性、共同性与中国的公园

Publicity,Similarity and Parks in China

对中国(城市)公园的概念性分析须避免两种误区,一是以西方现代“公园”概念比附中国传统,二是在对中国现代公园的理解上缺乏对西方因素的批判性理解。对二者做出批判首先要求把握“公园”作为一个缘起于西方的概念在我国显现的过程,其次,理解公园作为现代概念所蕴含的历史意涵,与其相关的“公共”和“公共性”等概念同样如是,以今释古值得警惕。而在一般意义上讨论中国的公园又应该注意中国的具体语境,简言之,如果现代公园与资本主义发展史紧密相关,则中国公园的现代性应是一种社会主义现代性。

Two misconceptions should be avoided in the conceptual analysis of Chinese(urban)parks:the first is the understanding of the Chinese tradition in terms of the modern Western concept of‘park',and the second is the lack of a critical understanding of the Western content when it comes to the modern Chinese park.A critique of both requires,firstly,a grasp of the process by which‘park'emerged in China as a concept that originated in the West,and secondly,anunderstanding ofthe historical connotations of park as a modern concept.The same is true of the concepts of‘public'and‘publicity',and it is worth being wary of interpreting the past with the present.In the general sense,the discussion of Chinese parks should cater to the specific context of China.In short,if modern parks are closely related to thedevelopment history of capitalism,then the modernity of Chinese parks should be that of socialism.