颈椎病术后并发轴性症状的研究进展

Research progress of the axial symptoms after cervical spondylosis surgery

轴性症状是颈椎病术后常见的并发症,以颈椎活动受限,颈项部及肩背部长期疼痛、僵硬和肌肉痉挛等症状为主,严重影响患者术后的工作和生活。不同的手术方式对颈椎局部解剖结构的损伤机制不同,其中常见的颈椎前路手术主要破坏颈椎骨性结构,颈椎后路手术主要破坏颈椎局部软组织结构,两者均与术后轴性症状的发生有关。术后轴性症状的发生既与手术相关的一些共性危险因素有关,如颈椎活动度的减少,也与年龄、性别、症状持续时间、颈椎序列等特有的危险因素有关。本文对颈后伸肌群、颈椎后方韧带复合体、颈椎骨性结构、手术方式等因素与颈椎病术后轴性症状发生的相关性进行阐述,以期为临床提供参考。

Axial symptoms are a common complication after cervical spondylosis surgery.They are mainly characterized by restricted cervical movement,and long-term pain,stiffness and muscle spasm in the neck,shoulders and back,which seriously affect the work and life of patients after surgery.Different surgical methods have different damage mechanisms to the local anatomical structure of the cervical spine,among which the common anterior cervical spine surgery mainly destroys the bone structure of the cervical spine,and the posterior cervical spine surgery mainly destroys the local soft tissue structure of the cervical spine,and both of them are related to the occurrence of postoperative axial symptoms.The occurrence of postoperative axial symptoms is not only related to some common risk factors related to surgery,such as the reduction of cervical range of motion,but also related to risk factors specific to age,gender,duration of symptoms,cervical spine sequence,etc.This article clarifies the correlation between factors including the posterior cervical extensor muscle group,posterior cervical ligament complex,bone structure of cervical vertebrae,surgical method,etc.and the occurrence of axial symptoms after cervical spondylosis,in order to provide clinical reference.