叶面喷施ALA对切花月季“卡罗拉”周年生产及冬季耐低温胁迫的影响

Effects of ALA on Annual Production and Winter Cold Tolerance of Cut Rose‘Carola’

以切花月季“卡罗拉”(Rosa hybrida‘Carola’)为试验材料,在不同季节进行5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA,100 mg/L)溶液叶面喷施,研究ALA对“卡罗拉”周年生产以及冬季耐低温胁迫的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施ALA处理可以提高各个季节的花枝产量,全年平均增产14.8%;在夏季和冬季能显著提高“卡罗拉”花枝长度、花枝粗度和花枝重量等品质;花瓣数和花蕾大小在冬季显著增加,在夏季则显著减少,而在春秋两季各指标的变化不显著。同时ALA处理在夏、秋和冬季显著改善了“卡罗拉”花枝等级,对冬季切花等级的提高最大,冬季“卡罗拉”A、B级花率提高了186.7%,同时D级花率降低了73.1%。在冬季进行ALA喷施处理,不仅可以显著增加叶片叶绿素、精氨酸、脯氨酸和总氨基酸含量,还可以降低根际土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量。该研究表明,ALA喷施处理可以明显在夏、冬两季提高切花月季“卡罗拉”的品质和产量,其中冬季品质和产量的提升可能与ALA可以提高其冬季低温胁迫能力有关。

The effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)on annual production and winter cold tolerance were conducted by spraying ALA solution(100 mg/L)on the leaves of Rosa hybrida‘Carola’in four different seasons.The results showed that the yield of cut roses increased by ALA treatment in all four seasons with the average increasing rate of 14.8%.Moreover,ALA spraying on leaves significantly improved the branch length,branch weight and branch diameter in summer and winter.The petal numbers and bud sizes significantly increased in winter but decreased in summer,while did not alter in spring and autumn after ALA treatments.At the same time,ALA treatment significantly improved the flowering branch grade of‘Carola’in summer,autumn and winter,and the improvement of cut flower grade in winter was the largest.In winter,the flower rate of‘Carola’grades A and B increased by 186.7%,while the flower rate of grade D decreased by 73.1%.The spray of ALA also significantly increased the concentrations of chlorophyll,arginine,proline and total amino acid in the leaves of flower branches.It could also have an influence on the changes of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter content in the rhizosphere soil.The study indicated that ALA treatment could improve the flower quality and yield of cut rose‘Carola’in summer and winter,and the improvement in winter should be associated with the increased cold tolerance in the leaves after the ALA spray.