施氮量对黑芝麻氮代谢特征·产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Characteristics of Nitrogen Metabolism,Yield and Quality in Black Sesame

为阐明氮肥用量对黑芝麻氮代谢特征、产量及品质的影响,采用大田随机区组设计,以黑芝麻品种冀9014为试验材料,设置0(CK)、60、120、180 kg/hm^(2)4个施氮水平,对4个施氮水平下黑芝麻叶片氮代谢特征、产量及品质性状进行分析。结果表明,施用氮肥可增强黑芝麻叶片氮代谢关键酶活性,提高叶片游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白、全氮含量和产量,改善品质。其中,以施氮处理120 kg/hm^(2)效果最佳,硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性显著高于其他处理;籽粒产量为1140.8 kg/hm^(2),较施氮处理0(CK)、60、180 kg/hm^(2)分别提高121.1%、35.6%、19.0%;籽粒蛋白质含量为25.41%,较施氮处理0(CK)、60、180 kg/hm^(2)分别提高31.7%、21.3%、4.0%;粗脂肪含量为51.7%,较施氮处理0(CK)、60、180 kg/hm^(2)分别提高6.5%、2.2%、1.4%。相关分析结果显示,黑芝麻叶片氮代谢指标与产量、籽粒蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量总体上呈显著或极显著正相关。可见,施氮处理120 kg/hm^(2)通过对黑芝麻叶片氮代谢、单株蒴数及千粒质量的调控,显著提高黑芝麻籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质和粗脂肪含量,改善籽粒品质。

In order to determine the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer to increase the yield and improve the quality of summer sesame,Ji 9014,a black sesame variety,was used as the experimental material,and 4 nitrogen supply levels of 0(CK),60,120 and 180 kg/hm^(2) were set to analyze the effects of different nitrogen levels on characteristics nitrogen metabolism,yield and quality of sesame.The results showed that application of nitrogen fertilizer could enhance the activities of key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism in black sesame leaves,increase the contents of free amino acids,soluble proteins,total nitrogen and yield,and improve the quality of black sesame.Among them,the effect of nitrogen application level of 120 kg/hm^(2) was the best,and the activities of nitrate reductase(NR)and glutamine synthetase(GS)were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The yield of nitrogen application level of 120 kg/hm^(2) was 1140.8 kg/hm^(2),compared with the nitrogen application levels of 0(CK),60 and 180 kg/hm^(2),the yield increased by 121.1%,35.6%,19.0%respectively.The grain protein contents of nitrogen application level of 120 kg/hm^(2) was 25.41%,compared with the nitrogen application levels of 0(CK),60 and 180 kg/hm^(2),the grain protein content improved by 31.7%,21.3%,4.0% respectively.The grain oil contents of nitrogen application level of 120 kg/hm^(2) was 51.70%,compared with the nitrogen application levels of 0(CK),60 and 180 kg/hm^(2),the grain oil content increased by 6.5%,2.2%,1.4% respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the indexes of nitrogen metabolism in sesame leaves were significantly or very significantly positively correlated with yield,grain protein content and oil content as a whole.In conclusion,the nitrogen application level of 120 kg/hm^(2) significantly increased the yield,grain protein and oil contents,and improved the quality of sesame by regulating the nitrogen metabolism in leaves,the number of capsules per plant and the thousand-grain weight.