比较优势理论下的第20-24届冬奥会中国队参赛状况分析

An Analysis of the Performance of Chinese Teams at the 20th-24th Winter Olympic Games under the Comparative Advantage Theory

我国成功举办了北京冬奥会,中国队在本届冬奥会上创造了历届冬奥会最好成绩,将我国竞技冰雪运动的发展推向了新高度。本文运用文献资料、数理统计、比较优势指数分析等方法,对中国队在第20-24届冬奥会上的参赛项目及获奖情况进行了梳理分析,运用竞技体育比较优势理论归纳我国冰雪竞技项目的优劣势,分析我国冰雪运动竞技水平现状。结果表明:我国获得奖牌的数量、质量、项目分布、夺金点小幅度波动,且有上升势头,但依然处于“冰强雪弱”的局面;中国队竞赛项目可划分为三类,即:比较优势类(短道速滑、自由式滑雪、花样滑冰),比较潜优势类(速度滑冰、单板滑雪、冰壶、钢架雪车),零获奖项目的比较弱势类;进一步细化后可知优势持续型项目有3项,潜优势上升型项目有2项,潜优势下降型项目有2项。建议:比较优势项目要保持并巩固夺牌率;比较潜优势项目应着重挖掘和拓宽夺牌点;比较弱势项目要协同各方发展并采取走出去请进来、持续学习冰雪强国的经验以获得新的突破。

With the successful hosting of the Beijing Winter Olympics, Chinese team also amazed the world with outstanding performance, achieving the best outcome ever, and the competitive ice and snow sports development in China has reached a new height. This paper uses the literature review, mathematical statistics and comparative advantage index analysis, to analyze China’s competitions and medals in the 20 th-24 th Winter Olympics, using the comparative advantage theory of competitive sports to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of ice and snow sports in China, and analyzing the current level of ice and snow sports in China. The results show that the number, quality, events distribution and gold medal events fluctuate slightly, and there is an upward trend, but it is still in a situation of “strong ice events and weak snow events”;the competition events of the Chinese team can be divided into three categories, namely: comparative advantage category(short track speed skating, freestyle skiing, figure skating), comparative potential advantage category(speed skating, snowboard, curling, skeleton), relatively weak category with zero medal-winning prospect. It is suggested to consolidate the winning rate of events with comparative advantages;to broaden the winning points of comparative potential advantage events;for relatively weak events, we should cooperate with all stakeholders and learn from the experience of sports powers to gain new breakthrough.