孤独症儿童在不同会话情境中的会话能力特征

Characteristics of Conversational Competence of Mandarin-speaking Children with Autism in Different Situational Contexts

为探究孤独症儿童会话发起和维持技能在不同会话情境中的表现特征,采用半结构对话任务评估法,比较孤独症儿童与词汇能力匹配的普通儿童在不同会话情境中的会话技能。结果表明,在角色扮演和主题会话情境中,孤独症儿童会话发起方式与普通儿童一致,均以言语发起为主,但发起数量显著落后;会话维持方式单一且维持数量显著落后于普通儿童。孤独症儿童在会话中产生的中断类型主要为不能解释的回应和无回应,中断数量受到会话情境的影响;在会话中产生的非言语动作类型受到会话情境的影响,其非言语动作数量整体落后于普通儿童。

To explore the characteristics of conversational initiation and maintenance of autistic children in different situational contexts.The conversational skills of autistic children and ordinary children with matching vocabulary ability were compared on a semistructured conversational assessment. The results showed that, in both role-playing and thematic conversations, autistic children’s initiation pattern was the same as that of ordinary children, which was mainly verbal initiation, but the number of it was significantly lower than that of ordinary children. The maintenance pattern was monotonous and the number of it was significantly lower than that of ordinary children. The interruption type was mainly showed as unexplained response and no response, and the number of interruption was affected by situational contexts. The type of non-verbal actions was affected by situational contexts, and the total number of actions was behind the level.