多源流理论视角下我国普惠性幼儿园政策议程研究

Research on the Policy Agenda of Public-interest Kindergarten in China from the Perspective of Multiple Streams Theory

多源流理论自引入我国以来被广泛用于多种领域的政策研究。以多源流理论作为研究框架对我国普惠性幼儿园政策进行剖析,发现政策议程的设置源于三重动力:问题源流来自学前教育财政性经费占比偏低、家长群体对普惠园需求旺盛、普惠性民办园教育质量堪忧,是开启议程的源头;政策源流来自专家学者的建议和政府部门在“政策原汤”中的决策,是组成议程的核心;政治源流来自兑现幼有所育和人民美好生活承诺的执政理念及国民情绪,是推动议程的关键。建议紧扣问题源流,及时跟进解决普惠园问题;驱动政策源流,吸纳学前教育利益共同体;回归政治源流,切实把握普惠园舆情方向。基于多源流理论探索普惠性幼儿园政策的嬗变过程和内在逻辑,或可为普惠性幼儿园政策研究与公共政策理论提供借鉴和启发。

Since the multiple streams theory was introduced into my China, it has been widely used in policy research in various fields.Using the multiple streams theory as a research framework to analyze China’s public-interest kindergarten policy, it is found that the setting of the policy agenda stems from three driving forces: the problem stream comes from the low proportion of financial funds for preschool education, the strong demand of parents for public-interest kindergartens, and the poor quality of public-interest private kindergartens, which is the source of the agenda;the policy stream comes from the suggestions of experts and scholars and the decisionmaking of government departments in the original “policy soup”, which is the core of the agenda;the political stream comes from the ruling philosophy and national sentiment of people’s good life and access to child-care, which is the key to promote the agenda.It is recommended to closely follow the problem stream, follow up and solve the problem of the public-interest kindergarten in a timely manner;to drive the policy stream to absorb the community of interests in preschool education;and to return to the political stream, and effectively grasp the direction of the public opinion of the public-interest kindergarten. Exploring the evolution process and internal logic of public-interest kindergarten policy based on the multiple streams theory may provide reference and inspiration for publicinterest kindergarten policy research and public policy theory.