青海湖流域气温降水特征分析

Characteristics Analysis of Temperature and Precipitation in Qinghai Lake Basin

基于1957-2020年以来青海湖流域周围11个气象站气温和降水的逐日气象资料,采用趋势分析法、Mann-Kendall检验法和小波分析法等方法,系统分析64年来青海湖流域气温和降水的时空分布特征和演变趋势。结果表明,环青海湖地区气温、降水年均变化率和年变化率差异较大,“暖湿”趋势明显。气温增温率从高到低依次为冬季〉秋季〉夏季〉春季,降水增长速度由高到低为夏季〉春季〉冬季,而秋季降水呈减少趋势。气温的突变时段为1992—1996年,降水量分别在1979—1982年发生突变。小波分析年气温的主波动周期为23年,年降水量的主波动周期为31年左右。研究成果为掌握青海湖流域的气象要素变化规律和科学应对策略提供支撑。

Based on the daily meteorological data of temperature and precipitation from 11 meteorological stations around the Qinghai Lake Basin from 1957 to 2020, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and evolutionary trends of hydrological meteorological elements in Qinghai Lake Basin in the past 64 years was systematically analyzed by means of the trend analysis,Mann-Kendall test and wavelet analysis. The results show that the annual average change rate and annual change rate of temperature and precipitation in the area around Qinghai Lake are quite different, showing an obvious "warm and humid" trend. The temperature increase rate from high to low was winter, autumn, summer and spring respectively, and the precipitation growth rate from high to low was summer, spring and winter, and the precipitation in autumn showed a decreasing trend. The abrupt period of temperature was from 1992 to 1996, and the sudden change of precipitation occurred from 1979 to 1982. Wavelet analysis showed that the main fluctuation period of annual temperature was 23a, and the main fluctuation period of annual precipitation was about 31a. It provides support for grasping the changing laws of meteorological elements and scientific coping strategies in the Qinghai Lake Basin.