格尔木牧区牧事活动气象服务指标研究

Study on meteorological service index of grazing activities in Golmud grazing district

选取沱沱河气象站、小灶火气象站及格尔木市气象台2000—2019年气象资料,沱沱河气象站2005—2020年观测的牧草发育期资料以及格尔木2000—2013年草本植物物候期资料,结合调查的牧事活动出现时段,应用数理统计方法进行相关分析,确定出牧事活动相关气象指标。结果表明,唐古拉地区夏季牧场转场时间为日平均气温稳定通过5℃初日后10~20 d为宜;日平均气温稳定通过5℃终日作为唐古拉地区秋季牧场转场的指标。格尔木盆区夏季牧场转场时间为稳定通过10℃初日后10~20 d为宜;日平均气温稳定通过10℃终日作为盆区牧区秋季牧场转场的指标。日平均气温稳定通过10℃初日至10 d内作为唐古拉地区剪毛、抓绒的指标;日平均气温稳定通过15℃初日至10 d内作为格尔木盆区牧区剪毛、抓绒的指标。日平均气温稳定通过0℃终日至10~20 d为唐古拉地区屠宰期的指标,日平均气温稳定通过0℃终日至15 d内为盆区牧区的屠宰期指标。

Based on the meteorological data of Tuotuohe meteorological station,Xiaozaohuo meteorological station and Golmud meteo⁃rological station from 2000 to 2019,the herbage development period data observed by Tuotuohe meteorological station from 2005 to 2020 and the herbaceous phenological period data of Golmud from 2000 to 2013,combined with the occurrence period of grazing activ⁃ities,the relevant meteorological indicators of grazing activities are determined by using mathematical statistical methods.The results show that the transition time of summer pasture in Tanggula area is 10~20 days after the first day when the daily average temperature is stable above 5℃.The last day when the daily average temperature is stably exceeding 5℃is used as the index of autumn pasture transfer in Tanggula area.The transition time of summer pasture in Golmud basin is 10~20 days after the first day of temperature stably passing 10℃;the last day when the daily average temperature is stable above 10℃can be regarded as an indicator of autumn pasture transition in the basin pastoral area.The index of shearing and fleece in Tanggula area is from the first day when the daily average tem⁃perature is stably surpassing 10℃to the next 10 days;the index of shearing and fleece in the pastoral area of Golmud basin is from the first day of the daily average temperature over 15℃to the next 10 days.The timescale from the last day of the daily average tempera⁃ture higher than 0℃to the next 10~20 days is taken as an indicator of the slaughter period in Tanggula area,and it is an indicator of the slaughter period in the basin and pastoral areas from the last day when the daily average temperature is stable above 0℃to the next 15 days.