彩云湖国家湿地公园鸟类群落及其多样性

On Bird Community and Diversity in Caiyun Lake National Wetland Park

通过对彩云湖国家湿地公园的鸟类群落结构及多样性的调查分析,进而讨论影响其鸟类多样性的因素,以期为彩云湖国家湿地公园鸟类多样性提升和鸟类生境优化提供科学依据.该研究于2020年7月至2021年5月,采用样线法对彩云湖国家湿地公园鸟类群落结构及多样性和各生境类型鸟类进行了调查,共记录12目36科70种鸟类,其中雀形目鸟类54种.结果表明:(1)随季节更替,鸟类的物种丰富度及其多度存在显著差异.其中秋季鸟类丰富度(58种)及多度(1 607只)最高,冬季鸟类丰富度(32种)及多度(1 094只)最低;(2)湿地公园内各季节间鸟类的Shannon-Wiener指数差异有统计学意义(p<0.05),其中秋季最高,冬季最低;Pielou均匀度指数差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);(3)不同季节间群落相似性存在差异,其中冬季与春季最低(0.62),春季与夏季最高(0.81);(4)各生境类型鸟类丰富度差异明显,林地生境鸟类丰富度最高(54种),库塘生境最低(15种);(5)可通过增加湿地公园生境类型、丰富植被群落结构以及减少不必要的人为干扰来提升湿地公园的鸟类多样性.

Caiyun Lake National Wetland Park is one of the important components of Chongqing’s urban green space system.Through the research on the structure and diversity of its bird community,the factors affecting its bird diversity have been discussed in order to contribute to the diversity of birds in Caiyun Lake National Wetland Park.It provides scientific basis for the improvement of sexuality and optimization of bird habitat.In this study,from July 2020 to May 2021,the transect method was used to investigate the structure and diversity of bird communities in Caiyun Lake National Wetland Park and birds of various habitat types.A total of 70 species of birds in 12 orders,36 families were recorded,including 54 species of passerine birds.The results show that:(1)there were significant differences in the species richness and abundance of birds with the change of seasons.Among them,autumn bird richness(58 species) and abundance(1 607) were the highest,and winter bird richness(32 species) and abundance(1 094) were the lowest.(2)The Shannon-Wiener index of birds in wetland parks had significant differences between seasons(p<0.05),with the highest in autumn and the lowest in winter;the difference in Pielou evenness index was not significant(p>0.05).(3)There were differences in community similarity among different seasons,with the lowest values in winter and spring(0.62),and the highest in spring and summer(0.81).(4)There are obvious differences in bird richness among different habitat types.The forest habitat has the highest bird richness(54 species),and the reservoir habitat is the lowest(15 species).(5)The bird diversity of wetland parks can be improved by increasing the habitat types of wetland parks,enriching vegetation community structure and reducing unnecessary human disturbance.