欧洲区域性全纳教育实践及发展取向——基于欧盟特殊教育与全纳教育发展署研究

Practice and Development Orientation of Regional Inclusive Education in Europe:Based on the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education

全纳教育是当前国际盛行的教育理念与实践选择,在推动欧洲全纳教育区域性协同发展的过程中,欧盟特殊教育与全纳教育发展署(简称“发展署”)作为跨国机构发挥了重要的支持作用。“发展署”以全纳教育相关的国际公约协议为价值导向,以超国家层面的战略目标为行动指南,以搭建共融共享的跨国交流平台为推进策略,通过统整各国全纳教育进展信息、开展跨国项目研究以及组织召开国际会议等方式,在构建全纳教育指标框架、强化全纳学校领导力建设、推动全纳教师专业学习、转变专家支持角色等方面取得了积极成效,促进了“发展署”各成员国和地区全纳教育的共同发展。与此同时,进一步弥补全纳教育政策规范与实践落地之间的差距、利用现代数字技术拓展全纳教育的实践领域、倾听有特殊教育需要儿童及其家庭的声音、提高全社会对全纳教育的认可度、推动全纳型社会的形成,这些都将成为“发展署”未来的努力方向。“发展署”的全纳教育实践对我国全纳教育的发展有一定的启示,我国可以从建设全纳教育跨区域研究平台、推进全纳学校领导能力发展、强化对全纳教师的项目式培训、完善全纳教育专家支持模式四个方面推进全纳教育的高质量发展。

Inclusive education is a popular educational concept and practical choice in the world.In the process of promoting the regional coordinated development of inclusive education in Europe,the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education(the Agency)plays an important supporting role as a transnational platform.Withthe international conventions and agreements related to inclusive education as its value guide,the supranational European strategic goals as its action guide,and the transnational exchange platform for inclusion and sharing as its promotion strategy,the Agency integrates countries information of inclusive education progress,conducts transnational research projects,and organizes international conferences at various levels.It has achieved positive results in building the index framework of inclusive education policy in Europe,strengthening the construction of inclusive school leadership,promoting the professional learning of inclusive teachers and developing expert support analysis tools,and has promoted the common development of inclusive education in member countries.At the same time,to bridge the gap between policy norms and educational practice,to expand the scope of inclusive education practice by using modern digital technology,to listen more to the voices of children with special needs and their families,and to promote the recognition of inclusive education by the whole society and the formation of inclusive society will be the future direction of the Agency.The practice of inclusive education by the Agency has enlightening significance for the development of inclusive education in China.China can promote the high-quality development of inclusive education from four aspects:building a national research platform for inclusive education,promoting the development of inclusive school leadership,attaching importance to project-based training of inclusive teachers,and standardizing the mechanism of specialists provision in supporting inclusive education.