农村家庭职业地位代际流动:典型事实与实证检验

Intergenerational Transmission of Professional Status of Rural Families:Typical Facts and Empirical Test

利用河南省2017—2019年入户调查数据,采用有序Logit模型考察了农村家庭父代非农就业对子代职业地位流动的影响,研究发现:(1)河南省农村劳动力非农就业职业地位总体呈现向上流动趋势。其中,子代职业地位相对父代向上流动的个体占比为63.26%,向下流动的个体占比为12.29%,职业地位与父代保持一致的占比为24.45%。(2)父代外出务工会显著降低子代职业地位向上流动的概率。如果父代外出务工,子代职业地位向上流动的概率会降低0.420,向下流动的概率会提高0.174,在逐步加入个人特征因素、家庭特征因素和村庄区位因素后,该变量依然显著。(3)父代的就业地点对子代的职业地位流动产生显著影响。与父代在本地工作的子代相比,父代在外地工作的子代的职业地位更有可能向下流动。具体来说,父代在省外工作的子代职业地位向下流动的概率最大,其次是父代在省内其他地市工作的劳动者,父代在本县城工作的劳动者职业地位向下流动的概率相对较低。

Based on the household survey data of Henan Province from 2017 to 2019, we using the ordered logit model investigate the influence of rural families’ parents’ migrant work on their children’s occupational status mobility. The results show that:(1)The non-agricultural employment status of rural labor force in Henan Province is generally upward mobility. Among them, 63.26% of the children’s occupational status are upward flowing relative to their father’s, 12.29% of them downward flowing, and 24.45% of them were consistent with their parents.(2)The father’s going out for engaging in non-agricultural industries will significantly reduce the probability of upward mobility of the offspring’s professional status. Specifically, if the parents go out to work,the probability of upward mobility will be reduced by 0.420, and the probability of downward mobility will be increased by 0.174. When adding the factors of personal characteristics, family characteristics and village location, the effect is still significant.(3)The location of the parent’s employment also has a significant impact on the mobility of the offspring’s professional status. Compared with the children whose parents work locally,the children whose parents work farther away are more likely to have downward mobility of professional status. The probability of downward mobility of the professional status of the children whose parents work outside the province is the largest, followed by the workers whose parents work in other cities in the same province, and the probability of the downward mobility of the occupational status of the workers working in the county is relatively low.