不纯正不作为保证人义务实质化的法哲学诠释——以社会连带为视角

Legal philosophical interpretation of substantiation of guarantor’s obligation of impure omission:from perspective of social solidarity

从社会连带思想出发,探寻不纯正不作为犯罪的真正哲理基础,使其犯罪轮廓更加清晰。违反保证人义务是刑法未明文规定之不纯正不作为犯罪之该当要素。讨论证立保证人义务来源的两种进路——康德式个人主义进路和社会连带思想,明确保证人义务只能从社会连带思想中寻求哲理依据。通过“复数主体”政治义务理论和功利主义哲学证立社会连带义务正当性,对作为义务来源之既往方案进行检视,最终采社会连带理论证成保证人地位。认为社会连带理论应为保证人义务之唯一哲理基础,目前几种主流学说或是社会连带理论之变种,或必须以社会连带理论为前提,才能实现保证人义务真正实质化。

Starting from the thought of social solidarity, the real philosophical basis of impure omission crime is explored, so as to make its crime outline clearer. The breach of guarantor’s obligation is the proper and necessary element of the crime of impure omission which is not expressly stipulated in criminal law. The two approaches to prove the source of guarantor’s obligation are discussed, namely, the Kantian individualism and social solidarity thought, and it is clarified that the philosophical basis of guarantor’s obligation can only seek from the social solidarity thought. Through the political obligation theory of “plural subject” and utilitarian philosophy, the legitimacy of social solidarity obligation is proved, the previous scheme as the source of obligation is examined, and finally the status of guarantor is proved by adopting social solidarity theory. It is considered that the social solidarity theory should be the only philosophical basis of the guarantor’s obligation. At present, the several mainstream theories are either the variants of social solidarity theory, or must take social solidarity theory as their premise, by which can they realize the real substantiation of the guarantor’s obligation.