基于污水流行病学的全球毒品流行趋势

Discovering Global Trends in Illicit Drugs by Wastewater-Based Epidemiology

毒品滥用对于社会和谐安定、人们的身体健康都造成严重影响。污水流行病学(Wastewater-Based Epidemiology,WBE)中的毒品监测已成为当前禁毒领域的“黑科技”,从最初对传统毒品的消耗监测,延伸到新精神活性物质(new psychoactive substances,NPS)的消耗监测。参考国内外WBE相关研究,对国际上基于WBE监测毒品消费的研究进行综述,并分析全球传统毒品和NPS的流行趋势。各大洲流行的毒品具有明显差别,欧洲流行的毒品主要为可卡因,其次是苯丙胺类毒品;北美洲、大洋洲、亚洲常见的毒品为甲基苯丙胺,但亚洲消费明显较低;南美洲和非洲研究较少,可卡因是较为流行的毒品。基于WBE可以在时间、地理位置上更加客观真实的反映全球毒品消费趋势,可为国家有效实施毒品监管提供参考。

Illicit drugs abuse has a serious impact on social harmony, stability and people’s health. The problem of illicit drugs abuse around the world is still serious. Wastewater-based epidemiology(WBE) has become a “black technology” in the current field of drug control. The targets have extended from traditional illicit drugs to new psychoactive substances(NPS). Having referred to WBE related researches at home and abroad, this paper summarized the international researches on monitoring illicit drugs consumption by WBE, and analyzed the global trends in traditional illicit drugs and NPS abuse.There were obvious differences of prevalent illicit drugs among the six continents. Cocaine was the mainly prevalent illicit drug in Europe, followed by amphetamines. Methamphetamine was a common illicit drug in North America, Oceania and Asia, but its consumption in Asia was obviously low. Cocaine was also popular in South America and Africa, though studied less in these two continents. Cannabis was consumed in all the six continents. WBE can reflect the trends of global illicit drugs consumption in time and geography more objectively and truly, and provide a reference for the effective supervision of illicit drugs implemented by states.