基于有限元分析的受压构件计算与验证

Calculation and verification of compression components based on finite element analysis

针对离散性导致受压截面构件客观性规律分析不佳的问题,提出基于有限元分析方法的受压构件计算与验证,以铝合金材料的复杂H形截面材料和卷边工字形截面作为研究对象,通过有限元分析方法,分别对轴压和压弯两个方面入手,考虑截面尺寸、长细比、出弯曲等受压构件影响因素进行参数化分析。实验结果表明,轴压构件分析中,随着截面规格的改变,两种截面的柱子曲线基本重合,故截面尺寸的改变对稳定系数影响不大。压弯构件有限元分析中,铝合金支吊架为小截面构件,偏心距对构件稳定性能影响甚大,在偏心为10 mm时,稳定承载力降低50%左右,随着偏心距的增加稳定承载力降低幅度减小;初弯曲对压弯构件的影响较小。由此可知,通过合理设计有限元试件,进行大量正确有限元多参数数值分析,能够得到受压构件的客观规律。

In view of the problem of discrete component objective law analysis,based on the finite element analysis method calculation and verification,with aluminum alloy material complex H section material and rolling shape cross section as the research object,through the finite element analysis method,respectively for axial pressure and bending,considering the section size,length ratio,bending and so on parametric analysis.The experimental results show that,with the change of section specification,the changing of section size has little effect on the stability coefficient.In the finite element analysis of the bending member,the aluminum alloy support and hanger is a small section member,and the eccentric distance can greatly affect the stability of the component.When the eccentric is 10mm,the stability bearing capacity is reduced by about 50%,and the increase of the eccentric distance decreases;the initial bending has less impact on the bending member.Therefore,through the reasonable design of finite element specimens and a large number of correct finite element multi-parameter numerical analysis,the objective law of the compression components can be obtained.