竹林下棘托竹荪不同栽培方式对其产量的影响

Effects of Cultivation Methods on Yields of Dictyophora echinovolvata Under Bamboo Forest

为筛选适宜广东地区棘托竹荪栽培的主要方式与技术,对比了竹林下棘托竹荪不同栽培方式(床栽、箱栽、棒栽)及覆土配方、基质施用尿素、林分郁闭度等对棘托竹荪产量的影响。结果表明:1)覆土为蚯蚓粪与表土1∶1混合的棘托竹荪产量最高,达到8.52 kg/1.5 m^(2);其生物转化率也最大,为37.9%。2)基质喷施尿素后可显著提高子实体产量,与对照相比总产量增加153%,子实体数量增加159%。3)竹林郁闭度为0.8、覆土方式为凹凸形时,棘托竹荪产量最高,达到12.51 kg/m^(2);其生物转化率最大,为99.3%。4)在床栽、箱栽、棒栽3种栽培方式中,棒栽方式棘托竹荪采摘周期较长、子实体产量较高、投入较低。研究结果可为广东地区竹荪栽培产业发展提供参考。

In order to screen out the cultivation methods and techniques most suitable for the cultivation of Dictyophora echinovolvata in Guangdong,we compare the effects of various cultivation methods(bed planting,box planting,rod planting)as well as mulch formula,matrix-based urea application and stand canopy density on the yield.The results show that:1)D.echinovolvata has the highest yield at 8.52 kg/1.5 m^(2)when in Casing soil(vermicompost∶topsoil=1∶1),and then has the highest biological conversion ratio at 37.9%;2)Spraying urea on substrate during box cultivation can greatly increase the yield of D.echinovolvata.After spraying urea,D.echinovolvata weight increases by 153%and the number of fruiting body by 159%;3)D.echinovolvata attains the highest yield of 12.51 kg/mwhen the canopy density is 0.8 and the mulching is concave-convex in shape,and achieves the highest biological conversion ratio at 99.3%;and 4)Rod cultivation boasts a longer period of picking,higher fruiting body yield and lower input when compared to the other 2 cultivation methods.The results of this study would provide a reference for the development of D.echinovolvata industry in Guangdong.