电动汽车热泵PTC耦合制热策略研究

Research on Heat Pump PTC Coupling Heating Strategy for Electric Vehicle

为减少电动汽车制热能耗,基于热泵系统制热性能试验,提出热泵系统制热在-20~5℃环境温度范围内均存在制热性能分区,制定了PTC在制热低效区提前介入的热泵PTC耦合制热策略,利用AMESim搭建的系统模型进行仿真并与传统策略进行了对比研究。与采用6000 r/min转速热泵辅助278.95 W PTC制热功率相比,采用转速4700 r/min热泵辅助462.11 W PTC制热综合能耗低6.4%,二者均能使车内温度稳定在24℃。相比于单一热泵制热,采用PTC提前介入的热泵PTC耦合制热策略具有加热快、能耗低、转速低等优势,-10℃环境温度下车内目标温度为20℃时,调节过程中能耗最多降低9.4%,稳定后降低2.8%。采用PTC提前介入策略时压缩机转速应尽可能接近高效区临界转速,此策略在不改变系统结构的基础上可明显提升制热效率和舒适性。

In order to decrease the power consumption for EV heating,it is proposed that there are heating performance zones for heat pump system heating within the ambient temperature range of-20 to 5℃based on the heating performance test of the heat pump system.The PTC coupling heating strategy of the heat pump with PTC involving in the low efficiency zone in advance is developed.The system model built by AMESim is used for simulation and the comparison study is conducted with the traditional strategy.Compared with the heat pump with 6000r/min rotary speed coupling 278.95 W PTC heating power,the heat pump with 4700 r/min rotary speed coupling462.11 W PTC heating power consumes 6.4%less energy to maintain the car temperature at 24℃.Compared with single heat pump heating,the heat pump coupling PTC heating strategy with PTC intervention in advance has the advantages of faster heating,lower energy consumption and lower rotary speed.When the ambient temperature is-10℃and the target temperature in the vehicle is 20℃,the energy consumption in the regulation process can be reduced by 9.4%at most and by 2.8%after stabilization.When the strategy with PTC intervention in advance is adopted,the compressor speed should be maintained as close to the critical speed in the high efficiency zone as possible.The strategy can significantly improve the heating efficiency and comfort without changing the system structure.