适用于船舶黑烟检测的改良型林格曼黑度法

Improved Ringmann Blackness Method for the Detection of Ships’ Black Smoke

船舶黑烟是一种严重的船舶大气污染现象,应作为我国船舶大气污染防治的重要管控对象。然而,适用于固定污染源的传统林格曼黑度法应用条件较为苛刻且结果较为主观,无法满足船舶黑烟检测需要,制约了船舶黑烟监管能力的发展。通过梳理国内外船舶黑烟管控要求,科学分析黑烟的视觉机理,识别传统林格曼黑度法要求林格曼烟气黑度图的底色与天空背景接近且天空能见度很高的原因;并根据船舶黑烟检测的要求和特点,提出了适用于船舶黑烟检测的改良型林格曼黑度法,具有无需林格曼烟气黑度图参照、适应大多数的天气条件、满足晃动平台上观测要求和结果更加准确的优势,为适用于船舶黑烟检测的技术与装备研发奠定了科学基础。

Ship black smoke is a serious phenomenon of air pollution from ships, which should be regarded as an important target in the prevention and control of air pollution from ships in China. However, the traditional Ringelmann blackness method applied in the black smoke detection of fixed pollution sources requires strict conditions for application and the results are relatively subjective, which has restricted the development of the capabilities for ship black smoke supervision. Based on a review of the ship black smoke control requirements both at home and abroad, the paper analyzes the visual mechanism of black smoke from a scientific approach and identifies the reasons for the requirements of the traditional Ringelmann blackness method, including that the background color of the Ringelmann smoke blackness map should be close to the sky and that the visibility of the sky should be high enough. According to the requirements and characteristics of ship black smoke detection, the paper puts forward a modified Ringelmann blackness method for ship black smoke detection, which is advantageous in that it does not require the Ringelmann smoke blackness map as the reference, and that it adapts to most weather conditions, satisfies the requirements for observation on shaking platforms and achieves more accurate results. The paper lays a scientific foundation for the research and development of technology and equipment applicable for ship black smoke detection.