基于参照模式的汉英时间方向对比

Comparison of Chinese and English Time Directions Based on Different Reference Modes

汉语倾向于使用以时序为参照的客体参照模式,英语倾向于使用以自我为参照的主体参照模式。客体参照模式以时间序列为参照,早先的时间为前,晚迟的时间为后;主体参照模式以观察者自我为参照,观察者面向的时间方向为前,观察者背后的方向为后。汉英优势参照模式不同,是汉英前后时间方向不一致的重要原因。汉语语境涉及观察者时使用主体参照模式,汉英会出现同时使用主体参照模式的情况;英语使用时序时间词时使用客体参照模式,此时汉英同时使用客体参照模式。受上述语境影响,汉英选用相同的参照模式,进而导致汉英前后时间方向一致。

Chinese tends to use object reference frame with temporal sequence as reference,and English tends to use subject reference frame with ego as reference.Object reference frame uses temporal series as the reference,with the earlier time as the forward and the later time as the back.Subject reference frame uses the observer’s perspective as the reference,the time point in front of ego is forward and the direction behind the observer is the back.The different dominant reference frames between Chinese and English are an important reason for the inconsistency of time direction between Chinese and English.When the Chinese context involves the observer,the subject reference frame is used,which will be used in both Chinese and English.When English uses temporal sequence words,temporal reference frame is used,and Chinese and English use temporal reference frame at the same time.Influenced by the above context,Chinese and English choose the same reference frame,which leads to the same time direction between Chinese and English.