蒙古语的区别性宾格标记与KP结构

Differential Object Marking and KP structure in Mongolian

蒙古语宾格标记的显现与省略,一直是一个热点问题。从类型学上看,这种现象属于区别性宾格标记现象,与直接宾语的指称性有着密切的关系。该文经过详细的考察发现,由于蒙古语没有冠词,因此理论上蒙古语并不存在一个DP投射。根据Giusti (1995)提出的FP结构,该文认为蒙古语的宾格标记,处于格标记中心语K的位置,向上投射一个和DP相类似的KP结构,并且宾格标记具有表示有定信息的功能。这样就把蒙古语句法上的格标记,以及语义上的指称统一在一个位置上。

The phenomenon that a direct object of a transitive verb can be either overly marked with an accusative marker or it can occur without any case marker has always been a hot topic in Mongolian. Typologically speaking, this phenomenon can be seen as Differential Object Marking(DOM), which shows a high correlation with the definiteness and specificity of direct objects. By carefully examining the data, this paper finds that, theoretically, there is no DP projection in Mongolian for lack of the category of articles. Accordingly, based on the KP assumption of Giusti(1995), I argue for a functional head K, which is the position of the accusative marker and projects a KP. This head has an equivalent function which is found in D, licensing a definite reading. Thus, this paper unites the accusative case marker in syntax, and definiteness in semantics, into one position.