鲁西南地区的传统戏曲与晚清秘密社会关系研究——以1896年曹县大刀会唱戏事件为例

Research on the Relationship Between the Traditional Opera in Southwest Shandong and the Secret Society in the Late Qing Dynasty—Taking the Opera Singing Event of Dadaohui in Cao County in 1896 as an Example

该文以1896年春天发生的曹县大刀会火神庙唱戏事件为论述主线,通过梳理各项历史文献与运用田野调查资料,探讨柳子戏在晚清时期鲁西南地区秘密社会的形成、发展过程中起到的作用。大刀会在早期发展过程中以保卫身家为目的,在唱戏事件中聚众十万余人,打出灭洋人的口号,掀起反帝运动。该文通过考察鲁西南地区黄泛灾害频发、盗匪多发、迎神赛会习俗、尚武传统的戏曲文化环境,认为大刀会在火神庙唱戏事件中吸收了戏曲文化的元素,以柳子戏传统为核心的鲁西南戏曲文化深刻影响大刀会的精神思想、组织活动。

Based on the opera singing event of Dadaohui in Huoshen temple in Cao County in the spring of 1896,this paper discusses the role of Liuzi opera in the formation and development of secret society in Southwest Shandong in the late Qing Dynasty by combing various historical documents and using field investigation data.In the early stage of its development,the Dadao society,with the purpose of protecting its wealth,gathered more than 100000 people to fight against foreigners and set off an anti-imperialist movement.Through the investigation of the opera cultural environment in Southwest Shandong,which is characterized by frequent Yellow River flood disasters,frequent bandits,the custom of God greeting competition and martial arts tradition,this paper holds that Dadaohui has absorbed the elements of opera culture in the event of singing opera in Huoshen temple,and the opera culture in Southwest Shandong,which takes Liuzi opera tradition as the core,deeply influences the spirit and organizational activities of Dadaohui.