海南省农村6~24月龄婴幼儿补充辅食营养包的效果评价研究

Effect evaluation of supplementary food nutrition package for infants aged 6-24 months in rural areas of Hainan

目的 分析研究辅食营养包对海南省农村婴幼儿营养状况以及患病状况的影响,为进一步提高该类地区儿童营养与健康状况提供科学依据和建议。方法 抽取4个市县作为干预组,选取4个人口、经济、社会文化、乡镇卫生院妇幼保健工作基础、身体营养与健康状况与干预组相匹配的市县作为对照组。采用监测与前瞻性队列研究相结合的方法,从2020年6月1日起对干预组和对照组的婴幼儿进行研究,经补充辅食营养包干预12个月。干预前后对抽取的干预组和对照组在婴幼儿6~24月龄进行营养与健康调查,评价海南省农村6~24月龄婴幼儿补充辅食营养包的营养与健康效果。结果 共调查999名婴幼儿,其中干预组427名,对照组572名。营养干预12个月后,干预组和对照组身长别体重Z评分(WHZ)、年龄别体重Z评分(WAZ)、年龄别身长Z评分(HAZ)差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。干预组的消瘦率(1.64%)低于对照组(3.67%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组和对照组生长迟缓率(分别为2.81%、3.32%)、低体重率(分别为0.47%、1.92%)差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。干预组近两周呼吸道感染率、腹泻率(分别为9.13%、1.17%)低于对照组(分别为23.25%、3.15%),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预组与对照组的血红蛋白值分别为117.24 g/L和114.51 g/L,贫血率分别为11.11%和22.84%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 海南省农村地区营养包干预工作取得了预期的效果,补充辅食营养包在一定程度上降低了婴幼儿营养不良、近两周呼吸道感染和腹泻以及贫血的发生。应高度重视适龄儿童补充营养包等辅食的情况,通过补充辅食营养包促进农村地区儿童的生长发育与健康,持续全面提升海南省儿童营养和健康水平。

Objective To analyze the effect of nutrition package on the nutritional status and prevalence of children in rural areas of Hainan Province, and provide scientific basis and suggestions for further improving the nutritional and health status of children in this region.Methods Four cities and counties were randomly selected as the intervention group, and four cities and counties matched with the intervention group in terms of population, economy, social culture, maternal and child health work foundation of township health centers, physical nutrition and health status were selected as the control group.With the combination of monitoring and prospective cohort study, infants in the intervention group and the control group were studied from June 1, 2020, and they were intervened for 12 months with supplementary food nutrition package. Before and after intervention, the nutrition and health status of infants aged 6-24 months in the intervention group and the control group were investigated to evaluate the nutritional and health effects of supplementary food nutrition package for infants aged 6-24 months in rural Hainan Province.Results A total of 999 infants were investigated, including 427 in the intervention group and 572in the control group. After 12 months of nutritional intervention, there was no significant difference in weight-for-age Z-score(WAZ) and height-for-age Z-score(HAZ) and weight-for-height Z-score(WHZ) between the intervention group and the control group(P>0.05). The rate of emaciation of the intervention group was 1.64%, which was significantly lower than 3.67%of the control group(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the rate of growth retardation(2.81% and 3.32%,respectively) and underweight(0.47% and 1.92%, respectively) between the intervention group and the control group(P>0.05).The rate of respiratory infection and diarrhea in the intervention group were 9.13% and 1.17%, which were significantly lower than corresponding 23.25% and 3.15% in the control group(P<0.05). The hemoglobin of the intervention group and the control group were 117.24 g/L and 114.51 g/L respectively, and the rates of anemia were 11.11% and 22.84% respectively, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Hainan Province has achieved the expected results, and supplementary food nutrition package has reduced the incidence of malnutrition and respiratory infection and diarrhea in recent two weeks in infants and anemia to a certain extent. We should attach great importance to the supplementary nutrition package for right-age children and promote the growth and health of children in rural areas through supplementary nutrition package, and continuously improve the nutrition and health level of children in Hainan Province.