浅谈俄语地名汉字译写

On the Transformation of Geographical Names from Russian to Chinese

外语地名汉字译写是测绘导航、地图制图、地图出版工作中的一项重要内容,也是国际贸易、对外交往、民间人文交流活动中不可或缺的关键元素,对于外语地名译写标准化、使用规范化更是具有极其重要的意义。俄语地名汉字译写作为外语地名汉字译写的重要组成部分,在遵循外语地名汉字译写基本原则“音译为主、适当意译”的基础之上,结合语言自身特点,在译写过程中主要采用地名专名音译和地名通名意译两种方法,同时根据具体情况兼顾音意混译。

The transformation of geographical names from foreign languages into Chinese is an important content in surveying and mapping,navigation,map drawing and map publishing.It is also an indispensable key element in international trade,people-to-people and cultural exchanges.It is of great significance for the standardization of transformation and the use of translated names of geographical names.As an important part of this work,transformation of geographical names from Russian to Chinese follows the basic principles of "mainly using transliteration,with free translation as a supplement".Combining with the characteristics of language itself,in the process of transformation two methods are mainly used:transliteration of specific terms,free translation of generic terms.At the same time,according to the specific situation,the above two translation methods can be used at the same time.