先秦墨家灾荒思想研究——以《墨子》为例

Research on the Famine Thought of Mohist School in the Pre-Qin Dynasty——Taking Mozi as an Example

《墨子》中蕴含着丰富的灾荒思想,墨子生活在春秋末期至战国初期的过渡时代。先秦墨家的灾荒思想主要体现在《墨子》中,包含了灾荒成因、灾前备荒和救灾救荒等内容。在灾荒成因方面,墨子认为其主要成因是自然灾害、统治阶级惰庸奢靡与围城战的频发;在防灾备荒方面,墨子主张建立防御性的国防政策、鼓励生产和建立备荒仓储;在救灾救荒方面,墨子主张以人为本、节用救荒,同时号召官府“上食”赈灾与基层“兼爱”互助。该文通过对《墨子》的研究,梳理其中灾荒成因与防灾、救灾等内容,以期较全面地展示《墨子》中的灾荒思想。

Mozi contains rich famine thoughts.Mozi lived in the transitional period from the late Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States Period.The pre-Qin Mohist school’s famine thoughts are mainly embodied in Mozi,which includes the causes of famines,pre-disaster famine preparation and disaster relief.In terms of the causes of famines,Mozi believes that the main causes are natural disasters,the indolence of the ruling class,and the frequent occurrence of siege wars.In terms of disaster prevention and preparedness,Mozi advocated the establishment of a defensive national defense policy,encouragement of production,and establishment of a preparedness warehouse.In terms of disaster relief,Mozi advocates people-oriented and economical famine relief,and at the same time calls on the government to provide disaster relief and the grassroots to provide mutual assistance.Based on the research of Mozi,this article sorts out the causes of famine and disaster prevention and relief in order to fully demonstrate the famine thought in Mozi.