试析纳兰性德“赠友词”中的唱和心事

Sing and Worry in Nalanxingde’s Poems for Friends

在以往的研究中,学者们对纳兰性德词作中有关寄赠唱和一类的“赠友词”少有关注,即使涉足亦仅专注于情感浅层面上的待友之真诚,而对于此类词中情感的转变与造成这种情绪变化的唱和心事却往往忽视。纳兰性德于康熙十五年殿试馆选中失利与一年后被授予三等侍卫这两件事标志着自身立言梦想的破灭。面对康熙帝有意为之的行为,不可违拗的纳兰性德在心中产生了一生都难以消除的块垒。这两件难消的心事表现在其“赠友词”的创作中主要体现在两种情感的变化上,分别是馆选失利后见弃不用时期的激切愤懑与任职三等侍卫后身世不自由的无奈与悲戚。

In previous studies, people paid little attention to the Poems for friends in Nalanxingde’s poems. Even if they were involved, they only focused on the sincerity of treating friends at the shallow level of emotion. The changes in emotions and the sad things in heart that caused this emotional change are often overlooked. Nalanxingde’s failure in the examination in the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the 15th year of Kangxi and had been awarded a third-class guard a year later. These things leaded to the disillusionment of his own dream. Faced with the intentional behavior of Emperor Kangxi, Nalanxingde, who cannot be disobeyed, produced sadness emotion in heart throught his life. These experiences caused the emotional changes in the poems of his send to friends: One is resent after the failure in the examination in the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Another is hopeless after he had been awarded a third-class guard.