清代民国时期四川民间医者群像探究——基于地方志的记载

Research on the Group Portraits of Sichuan Folk Doctors in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China——Case Studies Based on the Records of Local Chronicles

清代与民国时期的四川地方志记载了众多的民间医者。他们或精研医书,坐诊于医馆;或背负药箱、手摇串铃,翻山越岭奔走于市井。他们中有的出世修行,寄身蜀中名山大川,采药山野之间,辨草本、研典籍,怀济世利人之心救治患者;有的少年学儒,后学医,写诗著文,又钻研岐黄,随着时间累积医术精进,获得群众信任,享誉一方。这些都是地方志中记载的民间医者,与官医相比他们往往有着多重的身份、生动的性格、各式各样的成长途径,该文考查明清及民国时期的四川地方志,从认可程度、个性和从医理念、医者类型3个方面分析清代与民国时期四川民间医者的形象。

The Sichuan local chronicles of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China recorded numerous folk doctors who either studied medical books while practicing medicine in their private clinic,or carried medicine cabinets and handbells when walking through alleys and streets.Some of them gathered medicines,distinguished herbs,and studied classic medicine books when exploring along rivers and forests.They treated patients with the heart of benefiting the world.Some of them learned Confucianism and participated in the imperial examination when they were young,and studied medicine when they were older.Many of them could write beautiful poetry and essays.They accumulated medical expertise over time and gradually acquired proficient superb medical skills,gained reputation and trust of the people.These are folk doctors recorded in the local chronicles.Compared with the official doctors,they had multiple identities,vivid personalities,and various growth paths.This article examines the Sichuan local chronicles in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,analyzes the image of Sichuan folk doctors from three aspects:recognition degree,personality,medical philosophy.