时空焦虑及其在中国古典诗词中的表达

Time-Space Anxiety and Its Expression in Chinese Classical Poetries

人是时空性的存在者:他凭其存在及意向性活动开启或建构时空,同时也“在时空中”生存并受其限制。就后一方面而言,主要表现为他受时间的有终性(死亡)与其活动范围(距离)的限制。作为一种在世的基本情绪,焦虑之所焦虑者就是存在本身,因而必然包含着对在世之时空有限性的焦虑。诗歌主要活动在情感的领域,难免会带出蛰伏其中的焦虑。时间焦虑多见于“年华失志”“生老病死”“伤春悲秋”“忆旧怀古”一类题材中,而空间焦虑则多从“别离相思”以及有关宇宙无穷、人生渺小等喟叹中流露出来。焦虑不可能完全消除。对于焦虑,勇敢面对者少,大多数人则通过“及时行乐”“抓住眼下”等方式来加以回避或转移。

Man is the existence of time and space:he opens or constructs time and space by his existence and intentional activities.At the same time,he also exists in and is limited by "time and space".On the latter aspect,it is mainly manifested in that he is limited by the finality of time(death) and his range of activity(distance).As a basic emotion in the world,anxiety is the existence itself,so it must contain the anxiety about the limitation of time and space in the world.Poetry’s main activity is in the field of emotion,which will inevitably bring out the anxiety.Anxiety about time is often seen in themes such as " hypo affectivity" "birth and old age,sickness and death" "melancholy""nostalgia",while anxiety about space is mostly revealed from "homesickness" and laments about the infinity of the universe and the smallness of life.Anxiety cannot be completely eliminated.For anxiety,few people are brave enough to face it,and most people avoid or transfer it by means of "carpe diem" and "resorting to religion".