国家级非遗传承人现状及对文化生态保护区建设影响初探

The Present Situation of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritors and Influence on the Construction of Cultural Ecological Protection Areas

文化生态保护区是以非物质文化遗产(以下简称“非遗”)为核心,对其进行整体性和活态性保护的区域。其中,传承人是非遗传承的重要载体。基于此,传承人就成了文化生态保护区的关键。对非遗传承人的动态信息,以及与文化生态保护区之间的关系进行探究,有助于非遗的保护和传承。该文通过分析五批国家级非遗传承人的基本信息,探究传承人与文化生态保护文化生态保护区的关系。结果发现:我国国家级非遗传承人的数量总体上呈现稳定上升的趋势,但在传承人的空间分布格局、类别、年龄结构、民族比例等方面存在不平衡的问题。更为重要的是,我们发现:目前的文化生态保护(实验)区中所包含的非遗项目的数量和传承人的人数差异较大;并且单从数量上看,非遗项目的数量和传承人的人数二者并不对等,无法为保护区的建设和发展提供支撑。基于研究结果,我们提出了几点建议,以期为我国传承人的认定以及非遗的保护提供一定的借鉴。

The inheritors of intangible cultural heritages(ICH) are the important vector for the inheritance of ICH.The cultural ecological reserves are the areas that regards the ICHs as the core elements,and protects them in a comprehensive manner.Thus,the inheritors of ICH become the key part of the cultural ecological reserves.It is helpful for the protection and inheritance of ICH to explore the dynamic information of inheritors,and the relationship between them and cultural ecological reserves.We try to explore the relationship between inheri tors and cultural ecological reserves by analyzing the basic information of five batches of national inheritors.The results show that the number of inheritors is increasing steadily.However,there are problems about the imbalance of the spatial distribution pattern,categories,age structure and ethnic proportion among inheritors.More importantly,we found that:the number of ICH types and the number of inheritors is quite different in the cultural ecological(experimental) reserves.In addition,the number of ICH projects is not equal to the number of inheritors,which cannot provide support for the construction and development of the reserves.Based on the results,we put forward some suggestions in order to provide some reference for the identification of inheritors and the protection of ICH in China.