物理主义与新二元论的论争——以神经认知科学为分析对象

The Debate Between Physicalism and New Dualism——Focusing on Cognitive Neuroscience

神经认知科学的发展使科学家们可以通过先进技术定位意识活动所对应的大脑活动区域。神经认知科学的哲学基础是物理主义,物理主义将意识活动还原为生物性大脑活动的产物,但这种强物理主义还原论存在诸多弊端:神经科学中的心脑同一论与认知科学中的计算主义都表明,强物理主义还原论始终不能解释心理属性与物理属性之间的因果关联,并且物理主义本身包含二元论倾向;二元论通过与唯物论相结合,发展出具有自然主义倾向的新二元论,进而获得了新的发展机遇,二元论的合理性得以进一步论证,心理状态不可完全还原为物理状态。

The development of cognitive neuroscience allows scientists to locate areas of brain activity corresponding to consciousness activities through advanced technology.The philosophical basis of cognitive neuroscience is physicalism,which reduces the activity of consciousness into the product of biological brain activity,but there are many drawbacks to this strong physicalism reductionism.Mind-brain identity theory in neuroscience and the computational doctrine in cognitive science show that the theory of physical reductionism can never explain the causal relationship between mental properties and physical properties and physicalism contains the tendency of dualism.In addition,dualism combines with materialism to develop a new dualism with naturalistic tendencies and gain new opportunities for development.It is further demonstrated that the rationality of dualism and mental state cannot be wholly reduced to a physical state.