本雅明的超现实主义批评及其身体政治

Walter Benjamin’s Critique of Surrealism and Its Body Politics

超现实主义批评在本雅明的思想发展中占据特殊地位。本雅明认为超现实主义关注的焦点是作为世俗启迪的经验,其任务是为革命赢得迷醉的力量,它本质上是政治的。超现实主义政治的方法是革命虚无主义,其主要内涵是激进的自由经验、悲观主义的组织以及意象空间作为政治的空间。超现实主义的意象空间必然与身体空间紧密结合,最终体现为一种身体政治。必须在本雅明人类学与神学的思想语境中理解这种身体政治,其中技术与神经支配起到了关键性作用。本雅明超现实主义批评的首要意图及独特性就在于这种身体政治。

Walter Benjamin’s critique of surrealism plays a special role in the development of his thought. Surrealism, according to Benjamin, focuses on experience as the “profane illumination, ” the task of which is to gain energy for the sake of revolution. In short, surrealism is in essence a political movement, its method being revolutionary nihilism and its core elements including the experience of radical freedom, the organization of pessimism, and the image-space as political sphere. The image-space is closely tied to the body-space, which indicates that surrealism would necessarily transform into a kind of body politics. Such body politics wherein technology and innervation play a key role must be interpreted in the framework of Benjamin’s anthropology and theology. The primary intent and uniqueness of Benjamin’s critique of surrealism lie precisely in the formation of such body politics.