优质中熟梨新品种香蜜的选育

A new mid-ripening pear cultivar Xiangmi with high fruit quality

香蜜是以甘梨早6梨为母本、黄冠为父本杂交培育而成的中熟梨新品种。果实近圆形,平均单果质量303.7 g;果皮底色黄绿色,果点中、密显、外凸;梗洼和萼洼中深、窄,萼片宿存或脱落;果肉乳白色,肉质酥脆,去皮果实硬度3.47 kg·cm^(-2),石细胞少,汁液多,甜,香味浓郁,果心中等大小,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)11.8%~13.6%,可溶性糖含量7.5 g·100 g^(-1),有机酸含量0.109 g·100 g^(-1),维生素C含量3.84 g·100 g^(-1),品质上等。果实发育期126 d,营养生长时间为210 d,在甘肃白银地区,果实8月底成熟,丰产稳产,盛果期产量可达31500 kg·hm^(-2),生态适宜性、抗病性强;适宜在甘肃平凉、白银、武威和张掖等地区推广种植。

Xiangmi is a mid-ripening pear cultivar selected by artificial pollination,and it was hybridized between Ganlizao 6(♀)×Huangguan(♂).The fruit shape is close to round,and the average fruit weight is 303.7 g.The fruit surface is smooth and clean,and the background color of peel is yellow green with fruit dots that are medium in size,dense,clear and convex.The stalk cavity and the eye basin are medium deep and shallow,and the fruit sepals are persistent or absent.The color of flesh is milk white.The flesh is crisp,juicy and sweet with few stone cells and strong aroma.The core is medium sized.The soluble solids content is 11.8%-13.6%,soluble sugars content is 7.5 g·100 g^(-1),organic acid content is 0.109 g·100 g^(-1),vitamin C contebt is 3.84 mg·100 g^(-1) and the flesh firmness is 3.47 kg·cm^(-2).The tree canopy is conical in shape.The color of the trunk is grayish brown,the annual branches are dark brown on the exposed side and straight in shape,the density of lenticels is medium,and the twigs has fuzz on the surface;The leaf buds are moderately large and oblique,and the flower buds are oval,about 9.44 cm long.Young leaves are yellow green,the mature leaves are dark green and oval,the leaf surface is flat,and the leaf posture is inclined downward.The leaf tip is blunt-pointed,the leaf base is broadly cuneate,the leaf edge is sharp saw-tooth with prickly awn,the bending degree of the longitudinal axis is weak,the average length of the leaf is 12.1cm,the width is 6.9cm,the length of the petiole is 2.36 cm,and there is no stipule.There are 5-8 flowers in each cluster,white buds and corolla,purplish red anther,oval petals,contiguous,and the number is 5,and the stigma is equal or higher than the anther with 18-22 stamens.The fruit has 5 chambers,containing 7-10 seeds per fruit,which are dark brown and oval.The growth vigor of young trees is stronger,that tends to be moderate after bearing fruit,the tree’s posture is half-open,the central leader is strong and the branching ability is medium.The annual shoot is farctate with high bud break rate,which are easy to form axillary flower buds,the spurs are the main fruit-bearing branch types.The fruit setting rate is high,with 2-4 per cluster and 1-3 accessory shoots on the cluster base;high-grafted trees begin to bear fruit in 2nd year,and the planted seedling trees begin to bear fruit in 3 rd year.The continuous fruiting capacity of branches is strong,and light abscission of fruit happens before maturing.In Baiyin district,Gansu province,the flowers bloom in late April,and the flowering period lasts 9-12 days;fruits ripen in the late August,the fruit development lasts about 126 d,and vegetative growth lasts about 210 d.The yield of this cultivar is high and stable,which is about 31500 kg·hm^(-2) at full-fruiting period,with extensive ecological adaptability and strong disease resistance.It can be applied in pear-producing areas in Eastern,Central and Hosi Corridor of Gansu and other areas with similar ecological conditions.