早实优质香型杂交龙眼新品种华泰丰的选育

A new early bearing cross longan cultivar Huataifeng with flavor

华泰丰龙眼是从石硖×香脆的杂交子代中,通过定向选择优良单株培育而成的早实优质香型新品种,2021年9月通过福建省科技成果鉴定,成果编号9352021Y0075。该品种树势中等,成花易,童期短(2009年杂交授粉,2012年结果)。果穗大,果实扁圆形,大小均匀,单果质量(12.7±1.0)g,显著高于母本石硖龙眼;果肉乳白色,半透明,不流汁,易离核,质地嫩脆,化渣,可溶固形物含量(w)(22.7±2.8)%,可食率(70.8±1.6)%,味甜,品质佳,有香气。华泰丰龙眼嫁接次年即可结果,无性子代高接后果实性状遗传稳定。2018—2021年连年结果;与储良、石硖、福眼、蜀冠等国内主栽品种砧穗亲和性好。福州地区成熟期为9月上旬至10月上旬,留树保鲜期长。

Huataifeng(HTF) is an eminent cultivar selected from the crossing of Shixia and Xiangcui created and evaluated at National Longan Germplasm Nursery in Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Shixia is a prominent cultivar with high quality and fertility native to Guangdong, populous among Chinese customers. Xiangcui is a bud-mutation from Biew Khiew(a Thailand cultivar) with large fruit size and abundant fragrance. The hybrid was created in 2009 via artificial pollination, 148 seeds were gathered and consequently 112 seedlings were obtained. Line 09-1-70(ultimately named HTF) was selected from the cross population for its early bearing capacity(fruiting initiated in 2012). Longan production suffered severe yield lose in Fujian province in 2013 due to off-year bearing, while HTF had a high flowering rate and yield as usual. The stable flower formation of this line might give rise to stable fruit production. It was then to top-grafted onto a mature longan tree in 2013. The grafted trees started to bear fruit in 2014, and from 2014 to 2017 all the grafted trees showed stable and consistent characteristic including high flesh recovery, high total soluble sugar content and abundant fragrance. Its fruit weight is 27.8%-48.2% higher than that of Shixia. From 2018 to 2021, HTF was the most consistent bearing line and showed no alternative bearing problem. Consequently, in 2021, HTF was certified in Fujian Province(no. 9352021Y0075). This cultivar has a strong growth vigor and a semi-open tree architecture. The bark is gray-brown and split into narrow rough ridges. Twigs are red-brown and smooth.The mature compound leaves are in size of(14.1-26.0) cm ×(12.2-25.1) cm, and their 4-5 pairs of leaflets are green, lanceolate, and(12.8-18.7) cm ×(3.9-4.7) cm in size. The leaf margins are wavy, and apex narrowly acuminate. The juvenile phase of 3 years of this cultivar is rather short. And it forms inflorescence every year. Its flower cluster is large and scattered. The oblate fruit are uniform in size with a blue-brown pericarp. The fruit base is flat, sometimes with one risen shoulder and the fruit tip is round. The skin segments are obvious. The fruit has an average longitudinal diameter of 2.73-2.81 cm,average transverse diameter of 2.89-2.93 cm, and average lateral diameter of 2.67-2.70 cm. The aril is milky, translucent, fragrant, tender and crisp, and can be easily separated from the seed. Average fruit weight is(12.7±1.0) g. The flesh recovery is(70.8±1.6)%, and TSS(22.7±2.8)%. HTF has an excellent grafting affinity to many main cultivars, such as Shixia and Chuliang(mainly cultivated in Guangdong province, Hainan province and Guangxi Autonomous Region), Fuyan, Songfengben, Lidongben(mainly cultivated in Fujian province), and Shuguan, Lufeng(mainly cultivated in Sichuan province). The productivity of 7-year-old grafted trees can be up to 26.3 tons per ha(density 600). Bud breaking of HTF begins in late February, similar to that of Shixia, and the first leaf matured in late May. Inflorescence morphological differentiation initiates in late February;flowers bloom from late April to early May, and ends in late May. The fruit matures during early September to early October in Fuzhou.